J. Crawford Downs

A Novel Tree Shrew (Tupaia belangeri) Model of Glaucoma.

Tree shrews with experimental glaucoma show key pathologic characteristics of the human disease. The tree shrew model of glaucoma has the potential to help researchers accelerate our understanding of glaucoma pathophysiology.

The Magnitude of Intraocular Pressure Elevation Associated with Eye Rubbing.

: Rubbing the eyes causes momentary IOP elevations that average 109 mmHg above baseline IOP and can exceed 300 mmHg above baseline IOP in NHP eyes.

The Magnitude and Time Course of IOP Change in Response to Body Position Change in Nonhuman Primates Measured Using Continuous IOP Telemetry.

Body position has a significant effect on IOP and those changes persist over time.

Relative Contributions of Intraocular and Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressures to the Biomechanics of the Lamina Cribrosa and Laminar Neural Tissues.

Whereas TLP has been hypothesized to play a prominent role in ONH biomechanics, the IOP and CSFP effects are not equivalent, as IOP-driven stress, strain, and deformation play a more dominant role than CSFP effects.

Diurnal Cycle of Translaminar Pressure in Nonhuman Primates Quantified With Continuous Wireless Telemetry.

The 56% increase in TLP during waking hours in NHPs matches the increase in TLP due to postural change from supine to upright reported previously in humans.

The Relationship Between Scleral Strain Change and Differential Cumulative Intraocular Pressure Exposure in the Nonhuman Primate Chronic Ocular Hypertension Model.

These cross-sectional findings suggest that longitudinal IOP-induced changes in scleral mechanical behavior are dependent on the magnitude of differential cumulative IOP exposure.

Effect of Body Position on Intraocular Pressure (IOP), Intracranial Pressure (ICP), and Translaminar Pressure (TLP) Via Continuous Wireless Telemetry in Nonhuman Primates (NHPs).

TLP change due to body position change is driven more by ICP/CSFP than IOP.

Unmet Needs in the Detection, Diagnosis, Monitoring, Treatment, and Understanding of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Position Statement of the American Glaucoma Society and the American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery.

Quantification of Translaminar Pressure Gradient (TLPG) With Continuous Wireless Telemetry in Nonhuman Primates (NHPs).

IOP is the only modifiable and readily measurable pressure-based risk factor for glaucoma.

Schiotz tonometry accurately measures intraocular pressure in Boston type 1 keratoprosthesis eyes.

The Schiotz tonometer has the highest accuracy of IOP compared with the Tono-pen and gold standard digital manometry. Clinicians could consider Schiotz tonometry when measuring IOP in patients with keratoprosthesis.

Lamina cribrosa microarchitecture in normal monkey eyes part 1: methods and initial results.

Our data support previous characterizations of diminished connective tissue density within the ST and IT ONH regions. The clinical importance of eye-specific LMA discordance warrants further study.