Khawaja Anthony P

The Relationship Between Ambient Atmospheric Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) and Glaucoma in a Large Community Cohort.

Greater exposure to PM2.5 is associated with both self-reported glaucoma and adverse structural characteristics of the disease.

Comparison of Associations with Different Macular Inner Retinal Thickness Parameters in a Large Cohort: The UK Biobank.

The novel associations we identified may be important to consider when using inner retinal parameters as a diagnostic tool.

Systemic Medication Associations with Presumed Advanced or Uncontrolled Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma.

We present data documenting potential associations of SSRIs and calcium channel blockers with POAG requiring a procedure.

Real-World Outcomes of Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty in the United Kingdom.

Most patients initially responded to SLT, but the majority failed within 1 year.

Ambient Air Pollution Associations with Retinal Morphology in the UK Biobank.

Greater exposure to PM2.5, PM2.5 absorbance, and nitrogen oxides were all associated with apparently adverse retinal structural features.

Risk Factors for Visual Field Deterioration in the United Kingdom Glaucoma Treatment Study.

In the UKGTS, treatment with latanoprost halved VF deterioration risk. Bilateral disease, higher IOP, and disc hemorrhage were confirmed as risk factors for deterioration; smoking history seemed to be protective against VF deterioration.

High Blood Pressure and Intraocular Pressure: A Mendelian Randomization Study.

A range of different MR analysis methods provided evidence, in general, that the causal effect of BP on IOP (and POAG) was modest, or even zero.

Intraocular Pressure, Glaucoma, and Dietary Caffeine Consumption: A Gene-Diet Interaction Study from the UK Biobank.

Habitual caffeine consumption was associated weakly with lower IOP, and the association between caffeine consumption and glaucoma was null.

Association Between Myopic Refractive Error and Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: A 2-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study.

These findings demonstrate a shared genetic basis and an association between myopic RE and POAG risk. This may support population POAG risk stratification and screening strategies, based on RE information.

The genetic basis for adult onset glaucoma: Recent advances and future directions.

We will discuss how recent advances in research methodology have uncovered new risk genes, and how follow up biological investigations could be undertaken in order to define how the risk encoded by a genetic sequence variant comes into play in patients.

Alcohol, Intraocular Pressure, and Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Although this meta-analysis suggests a harmful association between alcohol use and OAG, our results should be interpreted cautiously given the weakness and heterogeneity of the underlying evidence base, the small absolute effect size, and the borderline statistical significance.

Associations with Corneal Hysteresis in a Population Cohort: Results from 96 010 UK Biobank Participants.

In our analyses, CH was significantly associated with factors including age, sex, and ethnicity, which should be taken into account when interpreting CH values.

The Association between Serum Lipids and Intraocular Pressure in 2 Large United Kingdom Cohorts.

Our findings suggest that serum TC, HDL-C, and LDL-C are associated positively with IOP in 2 United Kingdom cohorts and that triglyceride levels may be associated negatively.

The Association of Physical Activity with Glaucoma and Related Traits in the UK Biobank.

Higher overall PA level and greater time spent in moderate and vigorous PA were not associated with glaucoma status but were associated with thicker mGCIPL.

The Association of Alcohol Consumption with Glaucoma and Related Traits: Findings from the UK Biobank.

Alcohol intake was consistently and adversely associated with glaucoma and related traits, and at levels below current United Kingdom (< 112 g/week) and United States (women, < 98 g/week; men, < 196 g/week) guidelines.

Burden of Glaucoma in the United Kingdom: A Multicenter Analysis of United Kingdom Glaucoma Services.

Cost estimates for managing patients with glaucoma in the UK are required for effective service planning.

Association of Systemic Medication Use with Glaucoma and Intraocular Pressure: The European Eye Epidemiology Consortium.

We identified a potentially harmful association between use of CCBs and glaucoma prevalence.

Calcium Channel Blocker Use and Associated Glaucoma and Related Traits Among UK Biobank Participants.

In this study, an adverse association between CCB use and glaucoma was observed, with CCB users having, on average, 39% higher odds of glaucoma.

The Association of Female Reproductive Factors with Glaucoma and Related Traits: A Systematic Review.

The association between PMH use and lower IOP or OAG risk is a potentially clinically relevant and modifiable risk factor and should be investigated further, although this needs to be interpreted in the context of a high risk of bias across included studies.

Genetic Correlations Between Diabetes and Glaucoma: An Analysis of Continuous and Dichotomous Phenotypes.

These analyses suggest that there is limited genetic correlation between diabetes- and glaucoma-related traits.

Determining Possible Shared Genetic Architecture Between Myopia and Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma.

Using two complementary approaches we found no evidence to support a genetic overlap between myopia and POAG; our results suggest that the comorbidity of these diseases is not influenced by common variants.

A Common Glaucoma-risk Variant of SIX6 Alters Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer and Optic Disc Measures in a European Population: The EPIC-Norfolk Eye Study.

The protein-coding SIX6 variant rs33912345, previously associated with POAG, has a functional effect on glaucoma-associated optic nerve head traits in Europeans.

Retinal Vasculometry Associations With Glaucoma: Findings From the European Prospective Investigation of Cancer-Norfolk Eye Study.

Retinal vessel width associations with glaucoma and novel associations with vessel area and tortuosity, together with no evidence of within-person-between-eye differences in retinal vasculometry, suggest a vascular cause of glaucoma.

Prevalence of Glaucoma in Europe and Projections to 2050: Findings from the European Eye Epidemiology Consortium.

The current and future burden of glaucoma in Europe may be substantially higher than previously estimated, with a considerable proportion of disease in the general population remaining undetected.

Smoking, Corneal Biomechanics, and Glaucoma: Results From Two Large Population-Based Cohorts.

Cigarette smoking seems to increase corneal biomechanical resistance to deformation, but there was little evidence to support a relationship with glaucoma.

Statin Use in Relation to Intraocular Pressure, Glaucoma, and Ocular Coherence Tomography Parameters in the UK Biobank.

We found no evidence of a protective association between statin use and glaucoma or related traits after adjusting for key confounders.

Genetic Associations Between Smoking- and Glaucoma-Related Traits.

MR experiments and GRS generated from Rotterdam Study participants support an inverse relationship between smoking and glaucoma.

Potential for Collider Bias in Studies Examining the Association of Central Corneal Thickness With Glaucoma.

Our findings question whether CCT is biologically associated with glaucoma and suggest that current evidence may be due to collider bias.

The Role of Chromosome X in Intraocular Pressure Variation and Sex-Specific Effects.

In this study, we report the results of genomewide levels of association of three loci on chromosome X with IOP, and provide a framework to include chromosome X in large-scale genomewide association analyses for complex…

Association of Ambient Air Pollution Exposure With Incident Glaucoma: 12-Year Evidence From the UK Biobank Cohort.

Higher levels of exposure to ambient air pollutants, particularly PM2.5, are associated with an increased risk of developing glaucoma.

Independent Effects of Blood Pressure on Intraocular Pressure and Retinal Ganglion Cell Degeneration: A Mendelian Randomization Study.

These findings support a causal effect of elevated blood pressure on retinal ganglion cell degeneration that does not require intermediary changes in IOP.

The Association of Urinary Sodium Excretion with Glaucoma and Related Traits in a Large United Kingdom Population.

Urinary sodium excretion, a biomarker of dietary intake, may represent an important modifiable risk factor for glaucoma, especially in individuals at high underlying genetic risk.

Screening Strategies and Methodologies.

While glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible vision loss, it presents technical challenges in the design and implementation of screening.

Association Between Medication-Taking and Refractive Error in a Large General Population-Based Cohort.

This study finds for the first time, to our knowledge, that medication use is associated with refractive error in adults.

Calcium Channel Blockers and Risk of Primary Open-angle Glaucoma.

Does Age Modify the Relation Between Genetic Predisposition to Glaucoma and Various Glaucoma Traits in the UK Biobank?

With increasing age, an mtGPRS was a better predictor of higher IOP and glaucoma prevalence. It is useful to consider chronological age with genetic information in designing glaucoma screening strategies.

Gap Analysis of Glaucoma Examination Concept Representations within Standard Systemized Nomenclature of Medicine - Clinical Terms.

There are existing gaps in the standardized representation of findings related to tonometry and gonioscopy within SNOMED-CT.

Current burden and future projections of glaucoma in the United Kingdom.

The UK glaucoma burden is substantially higher than previously estimated and is expected to rise further by 2060, underscoring the need for targeted resource allocation and strategic healthcare planning.

Glaucoma and Risk of Fractures: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Network Meta-Analysis.

Low- to moderate-quality evidence indicates a significant association between glaucoma and increased fracture risk, with individuals with mild to moderate GVFD showing the highest HR and RR of fractures.

Validation of a Visual Field Prediction Tool for Glaucoma: A Multicenter Study Involving Patients With Glaucoma in the United Kingdom.

This study validates the performance of our previously developed KF model on a real-world, multicenter patient population.

Association, Risk, and Causation-Examining the Role of Systemic Medications in the Onset of Acute Angle-Closure Episodes.

The Association of Polygenic Risk Score With Glaucoma and Its Related Traits: Results From Two German Population-Based Studies.

Higher GPRS is associated with glaucoma prevalence, higher IOP and thinner pRNFL in two population-based studies in Germany. These associations were particularly seen in older participants.

Decoding the Cornea-Glaucoma Association: Evidence From Mendelian Randomization.

We found no evidence for a causal link between CCT and OAG. Nevertheless, CCT measurements are still valuable for population-based risk stratification. We found no clear relationship between FECD and OAG.

The Association of Muscle-Related Factors With Glaucoma and Related Traits in a Large United Kingdom Population.

In this cross-sectional and gene-environment interaction study, factors relating to muscle strength, mass, and function were consistently associated with higher IOP, thicker inner retinal OCT measures in both sexes, and lower odds of glaucoma in…

Association of Systemic Calcium Channel Blocker Use with Visual Field Progression in a Large Real-World Cohort from Glaucoma Clinics.

Calcium channel blocker use was statistically significantly associated with a slower rate of VF deterioration after multivariable adjustment.

Relationship Between Oral Health and Glaucoma Traits in the United Kingdom.

Self-reported oral health was not associated with elevated IOP or an increased risk of glaucoma. Future studies should confirm the null association between clinically diagnosed oral health conditions and glaucoma.

Ellipsoid Zone Change According to Glaucoma-Stage Advancement.

Differentiating glaucoma from chiasmal compression using optical coherence tomography: the macular naso-temporal ratio.

The mNTR can distinguish between chiasmal compression and POAG with high discrimination.

Genomics enabling personalised glaucoma care.

Here, we provide an overview of how genomics may enable cost-effective targeted population screening and personalised predictions of risk, response to treatment and effective lifestyle advice.

Assessing the Association of Mitochondrial Genetic Variation With Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Using Gene-Set Analyses.

We present an effective approach for assessing the contributions of mitochondrial genetic variation to open-angle glaucoma.

Associations with Intraocular Pressure in a Large Cohort: Results from the UK Biobank.

This analysis of associations with IOP in a large cohort demonstrated that some variables clearly have different associations with IOPg and IOPcc, and that these 2 measurements may reflect different biological characteristics.

The relationship between structure and function as measured by OCT and Octopus perimetry.

Retinal sensitivity evaluated with OP correlated moderately well with the RNFL thickness measured by OCT. There was an overlap of the visual field regions within the optic disc.

Time to abandon over-simplified surrogates of ocular perfusion pressure in glaucoma research.