Leopold Schmetterer

Deep learning in ophthalmology: The technical and clinical considerations.

Technical and clinical aspects to build a DL system to address those needs, and the potential challenges for clinical adoption are discussed.

Anterior segment optical coherence tomography.

Improvements to image processing and software have also improved the ease and utility of interpreting anterior segment OCT images in everyday clinical practice.

Optical coherence tomography angiography: a review of current and future clinical applications.

Further developments in anterior optical coherence tomography angiography have now allowed for evaluation of anterior segment pathology such as glaucoma, ocular surface diseases, corneal vascularisation, and abnormal iris vasculature.

Retinal oximetry: Metabolic imaging for diseases of the retina and brain.

It senses hypoxia in cardiac and pulmonary diseases. Oximetry biomarkers have been discovered in Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis and oxygen levels in the retina correspond well with brain.

Endpoints for clinical trials in ophthalmology.

In this article we summarize candidates for clinical endpoints in ophthalmology with a focus on retinal disease and glaucoma.

DeshadowGAN: A Deep Learning Approach to Remove Shadows from Optical Coherence Tomography Images.

DeshadowGAN significantly corrected blood vessel shadows in OCT images of the ONH.

Evaluation of Generative Adversarial Networks for High-Resolution Synthetic Image Generation of Circumpapillary Optical Coherence Tomography Images for Glaucoma.

DL networks trained with synthetic OCT images for glaucoma detection were comparable with networks trained with real images.

Diagnostic Ability of Individual Macular Layers by Spectral-Domain OCT in Different Stages of Glaucoma.

Single-layer mGCL thickness is comparable to the traditional cpRNFL thickness for the diagnosis of early/moderate glaucoma, whereas cpRNFL thickness remains the most efficient for advanced glaucoma.

Long-Term Shape, Curvature, and Depth Changes of the Lamina Cribrosa after Trabeculectomy.

In most eyes, trabeculectomy resulted in long-term flattening and shallowing of the LC.

Association of Antihypertensive Medication with Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer and Ganglion Cell-Inner Plexiform Layer Thickness.

Use of 2 or more antihypertensive medications, ACEI, and diuretics were associated with a loss of structural markers of retinal ganglion cell health in a multiethnic Asian population.

Optic nerve head blood flow regulation during changes in arterial blood pressure in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma.

This study suggests that abnormal ONHBF autoregulation is more often seen in patients with POAG than healthy control subjects. The relationship to the glaucoma disease process is currently unknown and requires further investigation.

The Effect of Medical Lowering of Intraocular Pressure on Peripapillary and Macular Blood Flow as Measured by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Treatment-naive Eyes.

The reduction of IOP by a PGA in treatment-naive eyes was significantly correlated to the increase in ONH VD and RPC VD.

Combining OCT and OCTA for Focal Structure-Function Modeling in Early Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma.

Modeling of focal VF losses showed improvements when structural thickness and vascular parameters were included in tandem. Evaluation of VF defects in early glaucoma may benefit from considering both RNFL and OCTA characteristics.

Measuring optic nerve head perfusion to monitor glaucoma: a study on structure-function relationships using laser speckle flowgraphy.

The global and sectoral correlations with VF sensitivity and the favourable floor effect compared to OCT indicate LSFG as a promising tool to monitor progression particularly in late-stage glaucoma. Further longitudinal studies are warranted.

Focal Structure-Function Relationships in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Using OCT and OCT-A Measurements.

Focal capillary densities were significantly associated with a wider range of visual field losses and in a larger proportion of the visual field compared to nerve fiber thickness.

Multivariate Normative Comparison, a Novel Method for Improved Use of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness to Detect Early Glaucoma.

The multivariate normative database of RNFL showed better glaucoma discrimination capability than conventional age-matched comparisons, suggesting that accounting for demographic and anatomic variance in RNFL thickness may have usefulness in improving glaucoma detection.

Effect of Changing Heart Rate on the Ocular Pulse and Dynamic Biomechanical Behavior of the Optic Nerve Head.

In our model, the OPA, pulse volume, and ONH deformations decreased with an increasing heart rate, whereas the LC became stiffer.

Three-Dimensional Structural Phenotype of the Optic Nerve Head as a Function of Glaucoma Severity.

This study uncovered complex 3-D structural differences of the ONH in both neural and connective tissues as a function of glaucoma severity.

Are Macula or Optic Nerve Head Structures Better at Diagnosing Glaucoma? An Answer Using Artificial Intelligence and Wide-Field Optical Coherence Tomography.

This study showed that wide-field OCT may allow for significantly improved glaucoma diagnosis over typical OCTs of the ONH or macula.

A Minimally Invasive Experimental Model of Acute Ocular Hypertension with Acute Angle Closure Characteristics.

Our minimally invasive model resulted in acute OHT with characteristics of AAC in the absence of non-OHT-related neuroinflammatory changes arising from ocular injury alone.

Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Damage Assessment in Glaucomatous Eyes Using Retinal Retardance Measured by Polarization-Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography.

We demonstrated that PS-OCT has the potential to evaluate the status of RNFL structural damage in eyes with severe glaucoma, which is currently challenging in clinics.

Association Between Structure-function Characteristics and Visual Field Outcomes in Glaucoma Subjects With Intraocular Pressure Reduction After Trabeculectomy.

Characteristics derived from the baseline structure-function relationship were found to be strongly associated with postoperative VF outcomes. These findings suggest that the structure-function relationship could potentially have a role in predicting VF progression after trabeculectomy.

Differences in Optic Nerve Head Blood Flow Regulation in Normal Tension Glaucoma Patients and Healthy Controls as Assessed With Laser Speckle Flowgraphy During the Water Drinking Test.

Our findings show that the WDT does not significantly influence the OPP and therefore has to be considered inferior to other methods used to assess blood flow autoregulation.

Independent Effects of Axial Length and Intraocular Pressure on the Highly Myopic Optic Nerve Head.

Higher IOP and longer AXL are associated with distinct structural changes of the ONH in highly myopic eyes, particularly involving the lamina cribrosa.

Single oral administration of dronabinol increases ocular blood flow in patients with glaucoma.

This pilot study demonstrates that systemic dronabinol enhances ONHBF in glaucoma patients, suggesting its potential as adjunct therapy for glaucoma by targeting vascular dysfunction.

Three-Dimensional Morphometric Analysis of Exfoliative Material Using Ultrahigh-Resolution OCT in Exfoliation Syndrome.

UHR-OCT clearly visualizes the heterogeneous appearance of exfoliative material in XFS, enables quantitative analysis, and can potentially be used to monitor its deposition over time.

Novel hyperparallel optical coherence tomography for angle closure assessment: comparison with swept-source OCT and gonioscopy.

HP-OCT showed excellent reproducibility for angle closure assessment and good agreement with SS-OCT and gonioscopy.

Enhancing the structure-function relationship in glaucoma using anatomical compensation of retinal nerve fibre layer.

Compensated RNFL data improve the correlation between RNFL measurements and VF parameters. This indicates that creating structure-to-function maps that consider anatomical variances may aid in identifying localised structural and functional loss in glaucoma.

Changes in choroidal thickness after intraocular pressure reduction following trabeculectomy.

Intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction after trabeculectomy caused the increase in subfoveal and peripapillary CT for at least 6 months postoperatively correlating with greater IOP reduction and axial length shortening.