Concept Library

Multivariate regression identified both epiretinal membrane (ERM) presence and reduced retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) as independent predictors of visual field loss in pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PXG) patients.

In pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PXG) patients, eyes with epiretinal membrane (ERM) showed significantly reduced visual field index (VFI) (P=0.011) and mean deviation (MD) (P=0.034) compared to eyes without ERM.

After age adjustment, pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PXG) was independently associated with epiretinal membrane (ERM), with approximately 3.6-fold higher odds compared with controls (OR=3.58; 95% CI: 1.34-9.57; P=0.011).

Epiretinal membrane (ERM) was significantly more prevalent in pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PXG) eyes (28.8%) compared to pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PXS) eyes (19.6%) and controls (8.5%) (P<0.001).

87.3% of eyes with pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PXF) that developed glaucoma had no documented ocular hypertension (OHTN), based on measured IOP at any office visit.

Factors associated with incident glaucoma in pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PXF) included older age (HR: 1.39 [95% CI: 1.19-1.62], per 5 years), ocular hypertension (OHTN) (2.18 [1.39-3.42]), higher cup-to-disc ratio (CDR, 1.17 [1.04-1.31], per 0.1 higher CDR), and phakia (1.94 [1.13-3.34]).

The 4-year cumulative incidence rate of perimetric glaucoma in eyes with pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PXF) with ocular hypertension (OHTN) was 37.5% (95% CI: 24.3-48.4%), which was significantly higher than in eyes without OHTN (log-rank test, P = 0.005).

The 4-year cumulative incidence rate of perimetric glaucoma in eyes with pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PXF) without ocular hypertension (OHTN) was 26.5% (95% CI: 20.7-32.0%).

In a 12-month real-world clinical study, pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PXFG) eyes treated with latanoprostene bunod (LBN) monotherapy (0.024%) experienced significantly greater intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering than primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) eyes (p = 0.033) and neovascular glaucoma (NVG) eyes (p < 0.001).

At 12 months, after switching from latanoprost to latanoprostene bunod (LBN) monotherapy (0.024%), the mean intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction in pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PXFG) patients was -16.7% (p < 0.001 vs. baseline).

Associations between glaucoma diagnosis and surgical failure following minimally invasive bleb surgery (MIBS) were conflicting with very low certainty of evidence; several studies described higher risk of failure for pseudoexfoliative/pigmentary, angle closure, uveitic, and normal tension subtypes of glaucoma.

Over 24 months after autologous hematopoietic stem-cell gene therapy (HSCT) in individuals with genetically confirmed cystinosis, the most consistent longitudinal change was a progressive reduction in corneal sensation toward low measurable values, while photophobia was stable or improved, refraction changes were minor, and intraocular pressure remained within normal limits.

Over 24 months after autologous hematopoietic stem-cell gene therapy (HSCT) in individuals with genetically confirmed cystinosis, best-corrected visual acuity and Pelli-Robson contrast sensitivity remained largely stable, while central corneal thickness, peripheral corneal thickness, and central macular thickness showed mild, nonuniform fluctuations that often peaked at 12 months with partial regression by 24 months.

At baseline, individuals with genetically confirmed cystinosis undergoing autologous hematopoietic stem-cell gene therapy (HSCT) showed increased central macular thickness (means 280.8 µm OD and 305.6 µm OS) with subtle intraretinal hyperreflective dots consistent with crystalline deposits on macular optical coherence tomography (OCT).

At baseline, individuals with genetically confirmed cystinosis undergoing autologous hematopoietic stem-cell gene therapy (HSCT) presented with diffuse corneal crystals in all participants and conjunctival crystals in most, elevated central corneal thickness (median 579 µm), and tear hyperosmolarity in 4 of 5 participants despite generally normal Schirmer I.

At baseline, individuals with genetically confirmed cystinosis undergoing autologous hematopoietic stem-cell gene therapy (HSCT) had preserved best-corrected visual acuity (mean logMAR 0.08 OD and 0.063 OS), but frequently reduced Pelli-Robson contrast sensitivity (means 1.50 OD and 1.35 OS, with 3 of 4 impaired).

The progression of aniridia-associated keratopathy (AAK) involves intricate interactions between developmental deficits, inflammation, and changes in the limbal microenvironment, suggesting molecular targets for future therapies, based on clinical and experimental findings from large European cohorts, integrating data on over 550 eyes.

Limbal fibroblasts show enhanced inflammatory responses and vulnerability to oxidative stress in aniridia-associated keratopathy (AAK) based on clinical and experimental findings from large European cohorts, integrating data on over 550 eyes.

RNA and miRNA microarrays, as well as RNA-seq studies, highlight dysregulated miRNAs (such as miR-204-5p and miR-138-5p) and altered expression of PAX6 and keratocyte markers in aniridia-associated keratopathy (AAK) based on clinical and experimental findings from large European cohorts, integrating data on over 550 eyes.

In vivo confocal microscopy reveals a reduction in subbasal nerve plexus density, altered keratocyte and endothelial morphology, and an increase in Langerhans cell infiltration in aniridia-associated keratopathy (AAK) based on clinical and experimental findings from large European cohorts, integrating data on over 550 eyes.

Aniridia-associated keratopathy (AAK) severity correlates with iris malformation, secondary glaucoma and lens status based on clinical and experimental findings from large European cohorts, integrating data on over 550 eyes.

Multivariable analysis revealed that exfoliation glaucoma, higher baseline intraocular pressure (IOP), and concomitant cataract extraction surgery were associated with greater IOP reduction following ab interno trabeculotomy, while a wider trabecular meshwork incision increased hyphema risk and concomitant cataract surgery reduced it. Higher baseline IOP increased IOP spike risk.

Advances across anterior and posterior segment surgery have improved visual outcomes for Marfan patients, but long-term risks remain substantial, necessitating individualized surgical planning, early detection of complications, and long-term surveillance.

Contemporary retinal detachment series in Marfan patients reveal high lifetime risk, with surgical success often requiring multiple procedures, and outcomes closely tied to macular status and presence of proliferative vitreoretinopathy.

For glaucoma in Marfan syndrome, tailored modifications to trabeculectomy and tube shunt techniques address the challenges of thin sclera and ocular surface fragility.

Pediatric cohorts with Marfan syndrome underscore elevated risks of retinal detachment following lens removal, particularly when capsular remnants persist, emphasizing the importance of complete removal and vigilant follow-up.

Differences in blood pressure parameters between exfoliation glaucoma (EXG) and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients were most evident in patients younger than 60 years, suggesting an interaction between disease subtype and age in a retrospective analysis of 12,322 visits from 920 patients (590 POAG, 330 EXG).

Exfoliation glaucoma (EXG) patients exhibited higher pulse pressure (68.8 mmHg vs. 60.7 mmHg, p < 0.001) compared to primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients in a retrospective analysis of 12,322 visits from 920 patients (590 POAG, 330 EXG).

Exfoliation glaucoma (EXG) patients showed higher systolic BP (146.6 mmHg vs. 141.2 mmHg, p < 0.001) compared to primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients in a retrospective analysis of 12,322 visits from 920 patients (590 POAG, 330 EXG).

Exfoliation glaucoma (EXG) patients demonstrated significantly lower diastolic BP compared to primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients (77.9 mmHg vs. 79.6 mmHg, p < 0.001) in a retrospective analysis of 12,322 visits from 920 patients (590 POAG, 330 EXG).

Foxc1a zebrafish morpholino oligonucleotide knockdown, which disrupted ocular and craniofacial development, was rescued by human wildtype FOXC1 mRNA, but not mutant FOXC1 mRNA containing clinically identified variants, recapitulating Axenfeld-Rieger Syndrome (ARS) and verifying clinically identified FOXC1 variants.

In patients with Axenfeld-Rieger Syndrome (ARS) who underwent glaucoma surgeries, final best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was linearly associated with the number of glaucoma surgeries (ß=0.15, P < .01, R 2 = 0.12).

In patients with Axenfeld-Rieger Syndrome (ARS) requiring IOP-lowering surgery, 10-year survival rates were greatest for trabeculectomy with mitomycin C (76% with 95% CI [47, 91]) and Baerveldt devices (71% with 95% CI [47, 86]).

At final follow-up (median 6.1 years [IQR 1.6, 10.1]), patients with Axenfeld-Rieger Syndrome (ARS) and glaucoma showed decreased intraocular pressure (P < .0001), but increased glaucoma medications (P < .001).

In patients with Axenfeld-Rieger Syndrome (ARS), those with glaucoma had higher initial intraocular pressure (P < .0001) and worse final best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) (P < .01) compared to patients without glaucoma.

Multivariate regression analysis in a study of 24 pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PXS) patients (16 with glaucoma (PXSG) and 8 without glaucoma (PXSWG)) identified associations of miR-302a-3p with lower endothelial cell counts (ECCs), miR-302f with thinner peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer thickness (pRNFLT), and miR-614 with higher triglyceride levels.

Elevated levels of miR-933 and miR-302a-3p were linked to worse visual field (VF) and thinner peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer thickness (pRNFLT) in a study of 24 pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PXS) patients (16 with glaucoma (PXSG) and 8 without glaucoma (PXSWG)).

Functional pathway analysis using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) in a study of 24 pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PXS) patients (16 with glaucoma (PXSG) and 8 without glaucoma (PXSWG)) highlighted enrichment in pathways related to ageing and signal transduction for differentially expressed microRNAs.

In a study of 24 pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PXS) patients undergoing cataract surgery (16 with glaucoma (PXSG) and 8 without glaucoma (PXSWG)), 23 upregulated microRNAs (miRNAs) were identified in PXSG using NanoString nCounter technology on anterior lens capsule tissue, with miR-887-3p and miR-933 showing the highest differential expression.

In congenital PAX6-related aniridia patients (41 eyes of 21 patients), glaucoma status affected the W-ratio, with lower W-ratios observed in patients with treated glaucoma (W = 0.88 ± 0.11) compared to those without confirmed glaucoma (W = 0.94 ± 0.13).

In congenital PAX6-related aniridia patients (41 eyes of 21 patients), the W-ratio from electroretinography measurements was considerably lower (W = 0.89 ± 0.1) than in controls (W = 1.09 ± 0.05), indicating reduced signal transmission through the different layers of the retina.

In congenital PAX6-related aniridia patients (41 eyes of 21 patients) compared to controls (n = 18), electroretinography (ERG) implicit times (ITs) were significantly delayed (P < 0.001), while no statistically significant difference was observed in ERG amplitudes.

In patients with congenital PAX6-related aniridia (41 eyes of 21 patients, age = 25.3 ± 16.9 years, range = 9-60 years), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) ranged from light perception to 0.3 logMAR (mean = 1.02 ± 0.54) and exhibited greater impairment in older patients.

In a multicenter retrospective analysis of 96 patients (189 eyes) with Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome (ARS) and glaucoma, glaucoma drainage devices had significantly higher qualified success (72.9%) compared to goniotomy (37.8%) or trabeculotomy (27.8%) (P = .013).

In a multicenter retrospective analysis of 96 patients (189 eyes) with Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome (ARS) and glaucoma, at the 3-year mark of survival analysis, no primary glaucoma surgical procedure achieved >25% complete success.

In a multicenter retrospective analysis of 96 patients (189 eyes) with Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome (ARS) who developed glaucoma, 70% required surgery, typically at a median age of 6 months.