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Am J OphthalmolJune 20250 citations

The Associations Between Glaucoma and Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders in California Medicare Beneficiaries.

Ramirez Martin, Kitayama Ken, Puran Allan, Tseng Victoria L, Yu Fei, Coleman Anne L


AI Summary

Glaucoma patients in California Medicare had a 20% increased likelihood of circadian rhythm sleep disorders, suggesting a significant comorbidity that warrants further investigation into mechanisms and treatment impact.

Abstract

Purpose

To examine the associations between glaucoma, circadian rhythm sleep disorders (CRSD), and any sleep-wake disorders in California (CA) Medicare beneficiaries.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Subjects

All 2019 CA Medicare beneficiaries who were ≥65 years old, had both Parts A & B coverage, and had ≥1 Part B claim.

Methods

The primary exposure was a diagnosis of glaucoma as defined by International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision codes. The primary outcome was CRSD, and the secondary outcome was any sleep-wake disorder, defined by International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision codes. The associations between glaucoma, CRSD, and any sleep-wake disorders were estimated using multivariable logistic regression models adjusting for age, sex, race and ethnicity, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, cataracts, pseudophakia, and systemic disease burden defined by Charlson Comorbidity Index score. The effect estimate was expressed as an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI).

Main outcome measures

Odds ratios between exposures and outcomes.

Results

The study population included 2,717,346 CA Medicare beneficiaries meeting inclusion criteria. Of those, 220,662 (8.1%) had glaucoma, 3,202 (0.12%) had CRSD, and 355,390 (13.1%) had any sleep-wake disorder. In the adjusted logistic regression models, beneficiaries with glaucoma had greater adjusted odds of CRSD (aOR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.06-1.35; P = .0031) and of any sleep-wake disorder (aOR: 1.12; 95% CI: 1.11-1.13; P < .001) compared to beneficiaries without glaucoma.

Conclusions

In the 2019 CA Medicare population, beneficiaries with glaucoma had increased likelihood of CRSD and of any sleep-wake disorder. Further investigations are needed to characterize mechanisms of these associations and to examine the impact of glaucoma treatment on sleep-wake disorders.


MeSH Terms

HumansFemaleMaleAgedCross-Sectional StudiesUnited StatesAged, 80 and overGlaucomaCaliforniaSleep Disorders, Circadian RhythmMedicareIntraocular PressureRetrospective Studies

Key Concepts3

In adjusted logistic regression models, California Medicare beneficiaries with glaucoma had greater adjusted odds of circadian rhythm sleep disorders (aOR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.06-1.35; P = .0031) compared to beneficiaries without glaucoma, in a cross-sectional study of 2,717,346 beneficiaries.

PrognosisCross-sectionalCross-sectional studyn=2,717,346 California Medicare benefic…Ch10

In adjusted logistic regression models, California Medicare beneficiaries with glaucoma had greater adjusted odds of any sleep-wake disorder (aOR: 1.12; 95% CI: 1.11-1.13; P < .001) compared to beneficiaries without glaucoma, in a cross-sectional study of 2,717,346 beneficiaries.

PrognosisCross-sectionalCross-sectional studyn=2,717,346 California Medicare benefic…Ch10

In a cross-sectional study of 2,717,346 California Medicare beneficiaries aged ≥65 years with both Parts A & B coverage and ≥1 Part B claim, 220,662 (8.1%) had glaucoma, 3,202 (0.12%) had circadian rhythm sleep disorders (CRSD), and 355,390 (13.1%) had any sleep-wake disorder.

EpidemiologyCross-sectionalCross-sectional studyn=2,717,346 California Medicare benefic…Ch10

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