Relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and glaucoma.
Kountouras J, Mylopoulos N, Boura P, Bessas C, Chatzopoulos D, Venizelos J, Zavos C
AI Summary
This study found Helicobacter pylori infection is significantly more frequent in glaucoma patients than controls, suggesting a potential link or shared risk factor relevant for understanding glaucoma pathogenesis.
Abstract
Objective
To determine the frequency of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in glaucoma patients and in anemic control participants.
Design
Prospective, nonrandomized, comparative study.
Participants
The authors investigated 32 patients with chronic open-angle glaucoma (COAG), 9 patients with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEG), and 30 age-matched anemic control participants.
Methods
Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed to evaluate macroscopic abnormalities, and gastric mucosal biopsy specimens were obtained for the presence of H. pylori infection tested by rapid urease slide test (CLO test) and by Cresyl fast violet staining, Giemsa staining, or both. The presence of gastritis was classified in accordance with the Sydney system by using hematoxylin and eosin stain. In addition, intestinal metaplasia was evaluated with Alcian blue stain. Saliva samples were also tested by CLO. Serum was analyzed for the presence of H. pylori-specific IgG antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
Main outcome measure: Histologic examination for the presence of H. pylori.
Results
In 87.5% of the COAG patients, 88.9% of the PEG patients, and 46.7% of the anemic control participants, H. pylori infection was histologically confirmed (odds ratio, 8.00; chi-square, 11.81; P = 0.0006 and 9.14; chi-square, 5.01; P = 0.02, respectively). H. pylori was detected by urease test: (1) in the gastric mucosa in 71.9% of the COAG patients, in 77.8% of the PEG patients, and in 46.7% of the anemic control participants (P = 0.03 and P > 0.05, respectively); and (2) in the saliva in 37.5% of the COAG patients, in 55.6% of the PEG patients, and in 30% of the anemic control participants (P > 0.05). Sixty-eight percent of glaucoma patients and 30% of anemic control participants were seropositive for H. pylori (P = 0.002). When compared with anemic control participants, glaucoma patients exhibited less often endoscopic normal appearance of gastric mucosa (P = 0.01), and more often antral gastritis (P = 0.0004) or peptic ulcer disease (P = 0.01). Histologic grade 3 gastritis was observed only in the glaucoma patients (P = 0.03).
Conclusions
H. pylori infection seems more frequent in glaucoma patients. If confirmed, this may indicate either a common factor that causes susceptibilities to both glaucoma and H. pylori infection or that H. pylori may be a causal factor for developing glaucoma.
MeSH Terms
Shields Classification
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