Foster Paul J

The Relationship Between Ambient Atmospheric Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) and Glaucoma in a Large Community Cohort.

Greater exposure to PM2.5 is associated with both self-reported glaucoma and adverse structural characteristics of the disease.

Comparison of Associations with Different Macular Inner Retinal Thickness Parameters in a Large Cohort: The UK Biobank.

The novel associations we identified may be important to consider when using inner retinal parameters as a diagnostic tool.

Associations with Retinal Pigment Epithelium Thickness Measures in a Large Cohort: Results from the UK Biobank.

We describe novel findings of RPE-BM thickness in normal individuals, a structure that varies with age, ethnicity, refraction, IOP, and smoking.

Virtual clinics in glaucoma care: face-to-face versus remote decision-making.

The low rate of adverse misclassification, combined with the slowly progressive nature of most glaucoma, and the fact that patients will all be regularly reassessed, suggests that virtual clinics offer a safe, logistically viable option…

Ocular Biometric Risk Factors for Progression of Primary Angle Closure Disease: The Zhongshan Angle Closure Prevention Trial.

Ocular biometric measurements can help to risk-stratify patients with early angle closure for more severe disease.

Ambient Air Pollution Associations with Retinal Morphology in the UK Biobank.

Greater exposure to PM2.5, PM2.5 absorbance, and nitrogen oxides were all associated with apparently adverse retinal structural features.

The Singapore Asymptomatic Narrow Angles Laser Iridotomy Study: Five-Year Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial.

In patients with bilateral asymptomatic PACS, eyes that underwent prophylactic LPI reached significantly fewer end points compared with control eyes over 5 years. However, the overall incidence of PAC or PACG was low.

High Blood Pressure and Intraocular Pressure: A Mendelian Randomization Study.

A range of different MR analysis methods provided evidence, in general, that the causal effect of BP on IOP (and POAG) was modest, or even zero.

Anatomic Changes and Predictors of Angle Widening after Laser Peripheral Iridotomy: The Zhongshan Angle Closure Prevention Trial.

Superior LPI location results in significantly greater angle widening compared with temporal or nasal locations in a Chinese population with PACS. This supports consideration of superior LPI locations to optimize anatomic changes after LPI.

Alcohol, Intraocular Pressure, and Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Although this meta-analysis suggests a harmful association between alcohol use and OAG, our results should be interpreted cautiously given the weakness and heterogeneity of the underlying evidence base, the small absolute effect size, and the borderline statistical significance.

Associations with Corneal Hysteresis in a Population Cohort: Results from 96 010 UK Biobank Participants.

In our analyses, CH was significantly associated with factors including age, sex, and ethnicity, which should be taken into account when interpreting CH values.

The Association between Serum Lipids and Intraocular Pressure in 2 Large United Kingdom Cohorts.

Our findings suggest that serum TC, HDL-C, and LDL-C are associated positively with IOP in 2 United Kingdom cohorts and that triglyceride levels may be associated negatively.

The Association of Physical Activity with Glaucoma and Related Traits in the UK Biobank.

Higher overall PA level and greater time spent in moderate and vigorous PA were not associated with glaucoma status but were associated with thicker mGCIPL.

The Association of Alcohol Consumption with Glaucoma and Related Traits: Findings from the UK Biobank.

Alcohol intake was consistently and adversely associated with glaucoma and related traits, and at levels below current United Kingdom (< 112 g/week) and United States (women, < 98 g/week; men, < 196 g/week) guidelines.

Residual Angle Closure One Year After Laser Peripheral Iridotomy in Primary Angle Closure Suspects.

One year after LPI, >80% of PACS had gonioscopic residual angle closure. Greater baseline iris volume and higher IOP at baseline are independent risk factors for residual gonioscopic angle closure.

Association of Systemic Medication Use with Glaucoma and Intraocular Pressure: The European Eye Epidemiology Consortium.

We identified a potentially harmful association between use of CCBs and glaucoma prevalence.

Fourteen-Year Outcome of Angle-Closure Prevention with Laser Iridotomy in the Zhongshan Angle-Closure Prevention Study: Extended Follow-up of a Randomized Controlled Trial.

During the 14 years, 390 LPI-treated eyes and 388 control eyes were lost to follow-up.

Developing standards for the development of glaucoma virtual clinics using a modified Delphi approach.

Use of a modified Delphi approach has provided consensus agreement for the standards required for the development of virtual clinics to monitor glaucoma in the UK.

Deep Ocular Phenotyping Across Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Genetic Burden.

Results suggest that PRS identified a group of individuals at substantially higher risk for POAG.

Calcium Channel Blocker Use and Associated Glaucoma and Related Traits Among UK Biobank Participants.

In this study, an adverse association between CCB use and glaucoma was observed, with CCB users having, on average, 39% higher odds of glaucoma.

The incidence of acute angle closure in Scotland: a prospective surveillance study.

The incidence of AAC in Scotland is relatively low compared with the Far East countries, but in line with previous European data. Almost one in five cases were associated with pupil dilation for retinal examination.

Biometric Risk Factors for Angle Closure Progression After Laser Peripheral Iridotomy.

Study results suggest that persistent angle narrowing detected by AS-OCT or cumulative gonioscopy score was predictive of disease progression in PACS eyes after LPI.

The Association of Female Reproductive Factors with Glaucoma and Related Traits: A Systematic Review.

The association between PMH use and lower IOP or OAG risk is a potentially clinically relevant and modifiable risk factor and should be investigated further, although this needs to be interpreted in the context of a high risk of bias across included studies.

A Common Glaucoma-risk Variant of SIX6 Alters Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer and Optic Disc Measures in a European Population: The EPIC-Norfolk Eye Study.

The protein-coding SIX6 variant rs33912345, previously associated with POAG, has a functional effect on glaucoma-associated optic nerve head traits in Europeans.

Retinal Vasculometry Associations With Glaucoma: Findings From the European Prospective Investigation of Cancer-Norfolk Eye Study.

Retinal vessel width associations with glaucoma and novel associations with vessel area and tortuosity, together with no evidence of within-person-between-eye differences in retinal vasculometry, suggest a vascular cause of glaucoma.

Prevalence of Glaucoma in Europe and Projections to 2050: Findings from the European Eye Epidemiology Consortium.

The current and future burden of glaucoma in Europe may be substantially higher than previously estimated, with a considerable proportion of disease in the general population remaining undetected.

Smoking, Corneal Biomechanics, and Glaucoma: Results From Two Large Population-Based Cohorts.

Cigarette smoking seems to increase corneal biomechanical resistance to deformation, but there was little evidence to support a relationship with glaucoma.

Acute Angle-Closure Attacks Are Uncommon in Primary Angle-Closure Suspects after Pharmacologic Mydriasis: The Zhongshan Angle-Closure Prevention Trial.

The risk of incident AAC attacks in PACSs was extremely low, even in a higher-risk group that underwent repeated pharmacologic pupillary dilation over 6 years of follow-up.

Long-Term Risk and Prediction of Progression in Primary Angle Closure Suspect.

This cohort study suggests that higher IOP, shallower central and limbal ACDs, and smaller TISA at 500 μm and light-room ARA at 750 μm may serve as baseline predictors for progression to PAC in PACS eyes.

Association of Ambient Air Pollution Exposure With Incident Glaucoma: 12-Year Evidence From the UK Biobank Cohort.

Higher levels of exposure to ambient air pollutants, particularly PM2.5, are associated with an increased risk of developing glaucoma.

The Association of Urinary Sodium Excretion with Glaucoma and Related Traits in a Large United Kingdom Population.

Urinary sodium excretion, a biomarker of dietary intake, may represent an important modifiable risk factor for glaucoma, especially in individuals at high underlying genetic risk.

Acute Angle Closure in Knobloch Syndrome.

We argue that the recent implication of heterozygous mutations in COL18A1 in familial angle closure supports the argument that acute angle closure in these 2 patients was likely to be a thus far unreported feature of Knobloch syndrome.

Short-Term Ocular Biometric Changes as Predictors of Long-Term Angle Closure Progression.

Short-term (18-month) changes in LV and TISA750 were associated with long-term (36-72 month) angle closure progression in untreated PACS eyes, suggesting that monitoring changes in lens size or position and angle width could augment predictive…

Screening Strategies and Methodologies.

While glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible vision loss, it presents technical challenges in the design and implementation of screening.

Role of Static and Dynamic Ocular Biometrics Measured in the Dark and Light as Risk Factors for Angle Closure Progression.

Static parameters measured in the light are as predictive, and possibly more so, of angle closure progression as those measured in the dark.

Population-Based Utility of van Herick Grading for Angle-Closure Detection.

Current burden and future projections of glaucoma in the United Kingdom.

The UK glaucoma burden is substantially higher than previously estimated and is expected to rise further by 2060, underscoring the need for targeted resource allocation and strategic healthcare planning.

Two Decades of Angle-Closure Glaucoma Research.

These offer clinicians a range of potent tools to deliver improved outcomes for their patients with and persons at risk for PACD.

Association, Risk, and Causation-Examining the Role of Systemic Medications in the Onset of Acute Angle-Closure Episodes.

Glaucoma: Are We Getting the Wrong Answers, or Asking the Wrong Questions?

The Association of Muscle-Related Factors With Glaucoma and Related Traits in a Large United Kingdom Population.

In this cross-sectional and gene-environment interaction study, factors relating to muscle strength, mass, and function were consistently associated with higher IOP, thicker inner retinal OCT measures in both sexes, and lower odds of glaucoma in…

Long-term Persistent Angle Closure and Anatomic Changes after Laser Iridotomy in Suspected Primary Angle-Closure.

Laser iridotomy sustained angle widening in two-thirds of patients. However, a thicker iris at baseline in narrower angles predicted persistent closure, highlighting the need for tailored management in these cases.

Long-term outcomes after acute primary angle closure: case series from Moorfields Eye Hospital, UK.

APAC causes low long-term visual and treatment morbidity in this largely Caucasian patient group in the UK. Phacoemulsification as a treatment may enhance visual outcomes and reduce the need for further IOP-lowering treatment.

Iris volume change with physiologic mydriasis to identify development of angle closure: the Zhongshan Angle Closure Prevention Trial.

A smaller change in ΔVOL is an additive risk factor to identify eyes more likely to develop angle closure disease.

Associations with Intraocular Pressure in a Large Cohort: Results from the UK Biobank.

This analysis of associations with IOP in a large cohort demonstrated that some variables clearly have different associations with IOPg and IOPcc, and that these 2 measurements may reflect different biological characteristics.

Global variations and time trends in the prevalence of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG): a systematic review and meta-analysis.

This systematic review provides the most precise estimates of POAG prevalence and shows omitting routine visual field assessment in population surveys may have affected case ascertainment.

The Prevalence and Types of Glaucoma in an Urban Chinese Population: The Singapore Chinese Eye Study.

The prevalence of glaucoma among Singapore Chinese likely ranges from 2.7% to 3.9%, with secondary glaucoma being the most visually debilitating type.