Concept Library

In young individuals with axial myopia, accelerated pupillary dilation time was affected by both higher axial length (AL) (β=-0.256 s/mm, P = 0.038) and thicker macular retinal nerve fiber layer (mRNFL) thickness, especially in inner nasal, and outer nasal region (both P < 0.05).

In young individuals with axial myopia, the maximum constriction velocity was positively affected by the ganglion cell-inner plexiform layers (GCIPL) and the entire retinal thickness in most outer annular regions (all P < 0.05).

In young individuals with axial myopia, constriction period metrics (peak ratio, time, mean velocity, and maximum velocity) showed no correlation with axial length (AL).

Male participants with axial myopia showed a weaker peak pupillary constriction ratio (32.99 ± 4.85%) compared with females (36.15 ± 5.21%, P = 0.0143).

Elevated risks of specific ophthalmic diseases following SARS-CoV-2 infection were observed for glaucoma (HR 1.21 (95% CI, 1.19-1.23)), cornea and conjunctiva diseases (HR 1.22 (95% CI, 1.21-1.23)), blepharitis (HR 1.19 (95% CI, 1.17-1.22)), retinopathy (HR 1.17 (95% CI, 1.15-1.18)), uveitis (HR 1.11 (95% CI, 1.01-1.22)), and neuro-ophthalmic diseases (HR 1.11 (95% CI, 1.06-1.15)) in an overlap-weighted discovery cohort of 4,041,250 individuals.

In the glaucoma group, cumulative exposure to very high relative humidity (97-98%) over lag 0-6 days was significantly associated with increased intraocular pressure (IOP).

In the glaucoma group, cumulative exposure to relative humidity of 79-88.5% over lag 0-13 days was significantly associated with reduced intraocular pressure (IOP).

In the glaucoma group, cumulative exposure to relative humidity of 61-69% and 78-89% over lag 0-6 days was significantly associated with reduced intraocular pressure (IOP).

Among NTG-OSA participants who slept with the worse eye upper, mean blur rates for vascular (MV) and tissue (MT) were less in the worse eyes only in the lower lateral decubitus (LD) position (both P < 0.05), with no differences in other positions.

Among NTG-OSA participants who slept with the worse eye lower, mean blur rates for vascular (MV), tissue (MT), and entire area (MA) were less in the worse eyes in both lower and upper lateral decubitus (LD) positions versus the fellow eye (all P < 0.05), but not in the supine position.

In worse eyes of NTG-OSA patients, mean blur rate for tissue (MT) was less in the lower lateral decubitus (LD) position (9.00 ± 2.07 au) compared to the upper LD position (9.27 ± 1.97 au; P = 0.037) and supine position (9.61 ± 1.95 au; P = 0.011), suggesting reduced optic nerve head blood flow velocity in the lower LD position.

An association was reported between asymmetrical normal tension glaucoma (NTG) with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA; apnoea-hypopnoea-index ≥5) in habitual side-sleepers.

Schlemm's canal area (SCA) and scleral spur length (SSL) were significantly lower in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and ocular hypertension (OHT) groups compared with controls in both nasal and temporal quadrants (all p < 0.001).

Anterior scleral thickness at 0-3mm from the scleral spur (AST0) was significantly lower in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and ocular hypertension (OHT) groups compared with controls in both nasal and temporal quadrants (all p < 0.001).

In 2019, glaucoma comprised 11.7% of the total vision impairment burden among individuals with diabetes in Taiwan.

Bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses found no evidence of a causal relationship between serum Klotho and glaucoma in either direction.

Individuals in the highest Klotho quartile had significantly greater glaucoma risk (OR = 1.47; 95% CI, 1.07-2.03; P = 0.02) among 2952 participants aged 40 years and older from the 2007-2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Higher serum Klotho levels were positively associated with glaucoma risk (odds ratio [OR] = 1.05 per 100 pg/mL increase; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-1.09; P = 0.006) in 2952 participants aged 40 years and older from the 2007-2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

More eyes were medication-free in the iTrack ab-interno canaloplasty group (42%) compared to the iStent trabecular micro-bypass implantation group (29%) in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients (p=0.029).

In primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients, both iTrack ab-interno canaloplasty and iStent trabecular micro-bypass implantation had favourable safety profiles with infrequent and self-limited complications, no sight-threatening events, and low reoperation rates.

In primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients, iTrack ab-interno canaloplasty and iStent trabecular micro-bypass implantation showed no statistically significant differences in effectiveness outcomes.

Both the overall and glaucoma-specific analyses of preoperative threshold cutoff values for new-onset microscotoma following vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling for epiretinal membrane (ERM) demonstrated a negative predictive value (NPV) exceeding 99%.

In eyes with glaucoma (n = 18) undergoing vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling for epiretinal membrane (ERM), the preoperative threshold cutoff value for new-onset microscotoma was 26.5 dB (AUC = 0.90, p < 0.001).

For patients undergoing vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling for epiretinal membrane (ERM), multivariate analysis identified glaucoma (odds ratio [OR]=8.18), secondary ERM (OR=4.45), indocyanine green usage (OR=3.70), and male sex (OR=2.46) as significant risk factors for new-onset microscotoma.

Treatment-naïve eyes undergoing direct selective laser trabeculoplasty (DSLT) showed a greater intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction of 4.54±2.88 mmHg (20.17%) and higher success rates (78.43%) compared to premedicated eyes (3.07±3.11 mmHg, 14.17%; 63.47% success; P=0.038) in patients with ocular hypertension (OHT) or open-angle glaucoma (OAG).

Direct selective laser trabeculoplasty (DSLT) resulted in a treatment success rate of 66.97% at two months, defined as a ≥20% or ≥3 mmHg intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction without extra therapy, in 218 eyes from 144 patients with ocular hypertension (OHT) or open-angle glaucoma (OAG).

87.3% of eyes with pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PXF) that developed glaucoma had no documented ocular hypertension (OHTN), based on measured IOP at any office visit.

Chronic phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitor (PDE-5i) use was associated with a lower hazard of developing glaucoma suspect (GS) and open-angle glaucoma (OAG) over 1-, 2-, and 3-years of follow-up in men with erectile dysfunction.

Cox proportional models in a multicenter, retrospective cohort study of male adults aged ≥40 years with erectile dysfunction demonstrated reduced hazards for glaucoma suspect (GS) at 1 year (aHR 0.78; 95% CI, 0.75-0.81; p<0.01), 2 years (0.89; 0.86-0.93; p<0.01), and 3 years (0.94; 0.90-0.97; p=0.01) with phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitor (PDE-5i) use.

In a multicenter, retrospective cohort study of male adults aged ≥40 years with erectile dysfunction, the development of glaucoma suspect (GS) status was less frequent among phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitor (PDE-5i) users at 1 year (6.49% vs 9.73%, p<0.01), 2 years (9.27% vs 10.86%, p<0.01), and 3 years (11.17% vs 12.06%, p=0.01) after propensity score matching.

Polygenic risk scores (PRS) for glaucoma show promise in improving early case detection and predicting disease trajectory, especially when combined with clinical parameters.

A lipidomic screen of aqueous humor from patients with glaucoma and healthy control eyes revealed significantly elevated levels of arachidonic acid (AA) and its derivative, lipoxin A4 (LXA4), in glaucomatous eyes.

Nonlinear patterns of association between ambient temperature and surgical failure risk after incisional glaucoma surgery appeared more evident in older patients and those with primary open-angle glaucoma.

In primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) subjects, treated systemic hypertension was associated with decreased circumpapillary vessel density (cpVD) asymmetry (β = -0.415; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.679 to -0.151; P < 0.001) in a multivariable regression.

In primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) subjects, mean deviation (MD) asymmetry was associated with greater retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) asymmetry (β = 0.540; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.249-0.830; P < 0.001) in a multivariable regression.

Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) subjects had similar inter-eye circumpapillary vessel density (cpVD) asymmetry (3.5% ± 2.6%) compared to controls (3.1% ± 1.9%), with no statistically significant difference (P = 0.32).

Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients showed significantly asymmetric mean deviation (MD) between the worse eye (-5.2 ± 4.0 dB) and better eye (-1.5 ± 2.6 dB), with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.001).

Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) subjects demonstrated greater retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) asymmetry between eyes (10 ± 10 µm) compared to controls (5 ± 5 µm), with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.001).

AFAP1 and FMNL2 were identified as key susceptibility genes for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), highlighting FMNL2's regulatory role in aqueous humor outflow pathways, in a comprehensive analysis of 192,702 subjects (15,229 cases and 177,473 controls).

The cross-tissue transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) analysis identified 33 significant genes associated with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), whereas single-tissue validation revealed 18 significant genes in a study of 192,702 subjects (15,229 cases and 177,473 controls).

Colocalization analysis indicated strong colocalization of AFAP1 with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in skeletal muscle and breast tissue, and significant colocalization of FMNL2 in the terminal ileum in a study of 192,702 subjects (15,229 cases and 177,473 controls).

AFAP1 showed a significant causal relationship with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) (P < 0.05), while FMNL2 did not (P > 0.05) in a study of 192,702 subjects (15,229 cases and 177,473 controls).

A phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) of the polygenic risk score (PRS) for trans-laminar cribrosa pressure difference (TLCPD) identified associations with traits including hypertension, glaucoma, obesity, arthropathies, and sleep apnea.

Individuals in the top 1% of the polygenic risk score (PRS) for trans-laminar cribrosa pressure difference (TLCPD) had a 4.48-fold higher risk of developing primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) than those in the bottom 20% (95% confidence interval = 3.70-5.43) in an independent set of 268,734 unrelated European-ancestry individuals.

A genome-wide association study (GWAS) of trans-laminar cribrosa pressure difference (TLCPD) in 82,147 individuals of European ancestry identified 77 independent loci, including 12 previously unreported loci.