Incidence and Prevalence of Glaucoma, Corticosteroid Response, and Ocular Hypertension in Uveitis and its Anatomical Subtypes.

Purpose

Uveitic glaucoma represents one of the most serious, sight-threatening complications of ocular inflammatory disorders. In this study, we assessed the cumulative and yearly prevalence and incidence of uveitic glaucoma in the TriNetX United States (US) Collaborative Network, a database composed of over 100 million patient medical records.

Design

Incidence, Prevalence, and Trend study.

Participants

Subjects with uveitic glaucoma in the TriNetX database.

Methods

A retrospective study of a uveitic-glaucoma cohort, identified with patients having both ICD-10 codes of uveitis and glaucoma, ocular hypertension, or corticosteroid response diagnosed on the same day or after the onset of uveitis, was conducted using the TriNetX US database. Demographic information as well as cumulative and yearly incidence and prevalence of uveitic glaucoma were determined.

Main outcome measures

Cumulative and yearly incidence and prevalence of uveitic glaucoma, between 2013-2022. A sub-analysis of uveitic glaucoma by uveitis anatomic location was also conducted.

Results

30,681 patients with uveitic glaucoma were identified. The average age of the cohort at presentation was 67 years (SD = 19, 95% CI 66.8-67.2 years); 55.0% (n = 16 875, 95% CI 54.4-55.9%) were female and 50.7% (n = 15 555, 95% CI 50.1-51.3%) were Caucasian. Among the uveitis population, 15.5% of patients developed glaucoma in the 10-year time period (n = 30 681, 95% CI 15.3-15.6%). The cumulative incidence of uveitic glaucoma was 5 per 100 000 and the cumulative prevalence was 27 per 100,000 between 2013 and 2022. During the study period, the incidence and prevalence of uveitic glaucoma decreased. Patients with both anterior and intermediate uveitis (n = 529; 20.3%, 95% CI 18.8-21.9%) had the highest rates of uveitic glaucoma, followed by anterior (n = 20 849; 16.4%, 95% CI 16.2-16.7%), panuveitis (n = 48; 11.6%, 95% CI 8.5-14.7%), endophthalmitis (n = 273; 11.3%, 95% CI 10.9-11.7%), intermediate (n = 173; 10.0%, 95% CI 8.6-11.5%), and posterior (n = 1579; 8.2%, 95% CI 7.8-8.6%). Anterior and intermediate uveitis patients also had the highest rates of ocular hypertension (n = 465; 17.9%, 95% CI 16.4-19.3%) and corticosteroid response (n = 279; 10.7%, 95% CI 9.5-11.9%).

Conclusions

Since 2013, the incidence and prevalence rates of uveitic glaucoma have been decreasing. Patients with both anterior and intermediate uveitis patients had the highest relative rates of glaucoma compared to other uveitis subtypes.