Concept Library

In a retrospective cohort study of 3307 eyes undergoing phacoemulsification cataract surgery, sub-Tenon's triamcinolone acetonide (TA) was noninferior to topical prednisolone acetate 1% drops in terms of incidence of intraocular pressure (IOP) spikes greater than 35 mmHg, cystoid macular oedema (CMO), and rebound iritis (all p > 0.05).

For patients who reached Anterior Chamber Cell (ACC) = 0 in a randomized, double-masked, multicenter, active-controlled phase 3 trial, TRS01-treated patients benefited from statistically significantly improved safety outcomes for intraocular pressure (IOP) (including change from baseline and at each IOP threshold evaluated [P < .05]) versus steroid-treated patients.

In a randomized, double-masked, multicenter, active-controlled phase 3 trial, TRS01 exhibited a superior intraocular pressure (IOP) safety profile compared to topical steroids in patients with active anterior noninfectious uveitis.

The dexamethasone intracanalicular (DEX) insert group and the control group had comparable incidence of intraocular pressure (IOP) elevations ≥10 mm Hg and similar mean IOP changes through postoperative month 1 in a retrospective cohort study of 10,313 DEX+ eyes and 425,098 DEX- eyes undergoing cataract procedures.

Elevated stress at the lamina cribrosa (LC)-sclera interface during adduction is significantly associated with optic disc haemorrhage (ODH) in glaucomatous eyes (p<0.01) in a retrospective, single-centre, simulation-based, case-control study of 111 eyes (44 eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and ODH, 34 eyes with POAG without ODH, and 33 control eyes).

In a multicentre retrospective cohort study of 73 eyes with recurrent uveitic or postoperative inflammatory macular oedema treated with 0.19-mg fluocinolone acetonide implant (FAc-implant), 8 eyes (11.0%) developed ocular hypertension (IOP ≥ 25 mmHg or an increase in IOP ≥ 10 mmHg), which was mostly resolved by IOP-lowering eye drops; two eyes required surgery.

LTBP2 was identified as a human trabecular meshwork (TM)-only differentially expressed gene (DEG), and FAM105A was identified as a human Schlemm's canal endothelial (SCE)-only DEG, both associated with intraocular pressure (IOP) and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) risk.

The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in human trabecular meshwork (TM) and Schlemm's canal endothelial (SCE) cells after 2-day dexamethasone exposure were enriched in Gene Ontology (GO) cell adhesion, extracellular matrix, and response to stimulus (P < 3.7 × 10-6).

FAM107A (25.1 fold change; P = 4.0 × 10-240) was identified as the most significant differentially expressed gene (DEG) in human Schlemm's canal endothelial (SCE) cells after 2-day dexamethasone exposure.

FKBP5 (17.3 fold change; P = 6.9 × 10-53) was identified as the most significant differentially expressed gene (DEG) in human trabecular meshwork (TM) cells after 2-day dexamethasone exposure.

After 2-day dexamethasone exposures, there were 857 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in human trabecular meshwork (TM) cells and 2086 DEGs in human Schlemm's canal endothelial (SCE) cells, with 411 genes differentially expressed in both cell types.

Significant intraocular pressure elevation was noted in seven eyes (11.5%) overall after suprachoroidal triamcinolone acetonide injection for noninfectious cystoid macular edema, with no occurrences of infection, cataract progression, or suprachoroidal hemorrhage.

In a real-world retrospective review of 76 eyes of 70 patients treated with suprachoroidal triamcinolone acetonide (SCS-TA) injections for noninfectious uveitic macular edema, eyes with a history of glaucoma or ocular hypertension (7/34, 20.1%) were more likely to develop ocular hypertension after SCS-TA compared to eyes with no history (2/42, 4.8%, P = 0.03).

In a real-world retrospective review of 76 eyes of 70 patients treated with suprachoroidal triamcinolone acetonide (SCS-TA) injections for noninfectious uveitic macular edema, 9 eyes (11.8%) developed ocular hypertension (IOP > 24 mmHg) after their first injection.

Both systemic (HR, 10.19; 95% CI, 6.34-16.37) and ophthalmic (HR, 5.67; 95% CI, 3.88-8.30) corticosteroid use were associated with increased uveitis risk for glaucoma in patients with idiopathic noninfectious uveitis.

Despite continued corticosteroid use for underlying conditions, no intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation recurred in paediatric patients who underwent trabeculotomy for steroid-induced ocular hypertension or glaucoma, ensuring long-term IOP control without the need for further medication or surgical intervention.

Trabeculotomy in paediatric patients with steroid-induced ocular hypertension or glaucoma resulted in all 13 eyes being off pressure-lowering medications (PLMs) postoperatively, and no postoperative complications were reported through 24 months.

Complete success, defined as achieving an intraocular pressure (IOP) of ≤21 mm Hg without the need for pressure-lowering medications (PLMs), was achieved in all 13 eyes of paediatric patients undergoing trabeculotomy for steroid-induced ocular hypertension or glaucoma through 24 months postoperatively.

Trabeculotomy in paediatric patients with steroid-induced ocular hypertension or glaucoma resulted in a significant decrease in mean intraocular pressure (IOP) from a preoperative mean of 29.7 mm Hg to below 16 mm Hg at all postoperative follow-ups, with a mean IOP of 15.1 mm Hg at 24 months.

Clobetasol propionate ophthalmic suspension (CPN) 0.05% administered twice daily (BID) for 21 days was well tolerated, with an adverse event profile similar to placebo, including no meaningful intraocular pressure (IOP) increases during up to 21 days of dosing in participants after uncomplicated cataract surgery.

Prolonged corticosteroid use (≥180 days) further increased the risk of glaucoma in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (OR: 1.75, 95% CI 1.51 to 2.02) in a nationwide cohort study in South Korea.

Therapies considered for uveitic and chorioretinal conditions in pregnancy include steroids, intraocular pressure-lowering treatment for steroid-induced glaucoma, systemic immunosuppressants, and intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents.

Chronic dexamethasone (DEX) exposure depolarized human primary trabecular meshwork (pTM) cells and reduced the amplitude of the ML-402-evoked current.

The TREK-1 agonist ML-402 reduced intraocular pressure (IOP) in a mouse model of dexamethasone (DEX)-induced ocular hypertension (OHT) and in rat eyes with spontaneously elevated IOP.

Dexamethasone (DEX) upregulated Fsp1 and suppressed Kcnk2 expression without affecting Trpv4, Piezo1, or Trpc1 mRNA content in mouse trabecular meshwork (mTM) cells.

In a cross-sectional study of 136 surgeons in Europe, for steroid-induced ocular hypertension following Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK), the common approach was switching to a lower-potency steroid (40%) or reducing steroid frequency (43%).

Matrine (100 g/g) treatment increased the angle opening distance compared with that of PBS-treated controls in dexamethasone-21-acetate (DEX)-induced ocular hypertensive (OHT) C57BL/6 mice.

In dexamethasone-21-acetate (DEX)-induced ocular hypertensive (OHT) C57BL/6 mice, matrine (100 and 200 g/g) increased the aqueous humor (AH) outflow facility.

In dexamethasone-21-acetate (DEX)-induced ocular hypertensive (OHT) C57BL/6 mice, matrine (100 and 200 g/g) reduced the elevated intraocular pressure (IOP).

Advances in drug development for uveitic macular edema aim to target delivery of corticosteroids to the posterior segment while sparing anterior segment structures to avoid intraocular pressure elevation and cataract formation.

In a cohort of 1096 vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) patients in India, common complications included keratoconus (18.43%), steroid-induced cataract (11.41%), and glaucoma (10.95%).

Anterior and intermediate uveitis patients also had the highest rates of ocular hypertension (n = 465; 17.9%, 95% CI 16.4-19.3%) and corticosteroid response (n = 279; 10.7%, 95% CI 9.5-11.9%).

In a retrospective Swedish cohort study of 309 eyes from 249 patients treated with intravitreal dexamethasone implants (Ozurdex®), 30.5% of all eyes received IOP-lowering treatment, primarily prostaglandins, for secondary ocular hypertension, and none required invasive surgery.

In a retrospective Swedish cohort study of 309 eyes from 249 patients treated with intravitreal dexamethasone implants (Ozurdex®), each unit increase in baseline intraocular pressure (IOP) was associated with an 8% increase in the odds of developing secondary ocular hypertension (SOHT) (aOR: 1.08, p = 0.025).

In a retrospective Swedish cohort study of 309 eyes from 249 patients treated with intravitreal dexamethasone implants (Ozurdex®), men were more than twice as likely as women to develop secondary ocular hypertension (SOHT) (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.53, p < 0.001).

In a retrospective Swedish cohort study of 309 eyes from 249 patients treated with intravitreal dexamethasone implants (Ozurdex®) for diabetic macular oedema (DME) and macular oedema secondary to retinal vein occlusion (RVO), 117 eyes (37.9%) developed secondary ocular hypertension (SOHT), defined as intraocular pressure (IOP) ≥25 mmHg or a rise of ≥10 mmHg from baseline.

Most intraocular pressure (IOP)-related adverse events associated with the 0.19 mg fluocinolone acetonide (FAc) implant for diabetic macular oedema (DMO) are effectively controlled with ocular-hypotensive therapies.

The 0.19 mg fluocinolone acetonide (FAc) implant is generally well tolerated for treating diabetic macular oedema (DMO), although it is associated with intraocular pressure (IOP)-related and cataract-related adverse events (AEs).

Diverse RNA methylation patterns play a significant role in ophthalmological conditions, including age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, cataracts, glaucoma, uveitis, retinoblastoma, uveal melanoma, thyroid eye disease, and myopia.

Treatment of human trabecular meshwork (TM) cells with Dexamethasone (Dex) alone resulted in a notable increase in the expression levels of MYOC and ANGPTL7 genes compared with untreated TM cells (control).

Sub-Tenon triamcinolone injection has a favorable safety profile in relation to intraocular pressure elevation and cataract formation in pediatric patients, with no requirement for intraocular pressure-lowering medications or surgical interventions.

In a multicenter, retrospective case series of pediatric patients (59 eyes of 41 patients) who received sub-Tenon triamcinolone, only 1 eye (1.7%) developed trace posterior subcapsular cataract, while no optic disk cupping or inflammation were noted.