Michael V. Boland

Evidence-based Criteria for Assessment of Visual Field Reliability.

FL have little impact on reliability in patients with established glaucoma.

An Artificial Intelligence Approach to Detect Visual Field Progression in Glaucoma Based on Spatial Pattern Analysis.

The archetype method can inform clinicians of VF progression patterns.

Assessing Glaucoma Progression Using Machine Learning Trained on Longitudinal Visual Field and Clinical Data.

A convolutional LSTM architecture can capture local and global trends in VFs over time.

Greater Physical Activity Is Associated with Slower Visual Field Loss in Glaucoma.

Increased walking, greater time spent doing moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, and more time spent in nonsedentary activity were associated with slower rates of VF loss in a treated population of patients with glaucoma, with an additional…

Artificial Intelligence Classification of Central Visual Field Patterns in Glaucoma.

We quantified central VF patterns in glaucoma, which were used to improve the prediction of central VF worsening compared with using only global indices.

Characterization of Central Visual Field Loss in End-stage Glaucoma by Unsupervised Artificial Intelligence.

In this study, central VF loss in end-stage glaucoma was found to exhibit characteristic patterns that might be associated with different subtypes.

Reversal of Glaucoma Hemifield Test Results and Visual Field Features in Glaucoma.

Using VF features may predict the GHT results reversal to WNL after 2 consecutive ONL results.

Agreement and Predictors of Discordance of 6 Visual Field Progression Algorithms.

This extremely large comparative series demonstrated that existing algorithms have limited agreement and that agreement varies with clinical parameters, including institution.

Monitoring Glaucomatous Functional Loss Using an Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Dashboard.

The AI-enabled glaucoma dashboard, developed using a large VF dataset containing a broad spectrum of visual deficit types, has the potential to provide clinicians with a user-friendly tool for determination of the severity of glaucomatous…

The Evolving Role of the Relationship between Optic Nerve Structure and Function in Glaucoma.

Second, those studies that use longitudinal data to improve detection of worsening are reviewed. Finally, areas of further research and steps needed to implement structure-function relationships clinically are explored.

Machine-Identified Patterns of Visual Field Loss and an Association with Rapid Progression in the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study.

An automated machine learning system can identify patterns of VF loss and could provide objective and reproducible nomenclature for characterizing early signs of visual defects and rapid progression in patients with glaucoma.

The Effect of Transitioning from SITA Standard to SITA Faster on Visual Field Performance.

Converting to SITA Faster in eyes that were previously followed with SITA Standard led to similar VF performance in mild glaucoma but resulted in higher MD values in moderate and advanced glaucoma.

Comparison of Clinical Outcomes with Open Versus Closed Conjunctiva Implantation of the XEN45 Gel Stent.

Implantation of the XEN45 with opening of the conjunctiva is a safe and efficacious procedure to lower IOP with comparable success rate and lower needling rate compared with the closed conjunctiva technique.

Effectiveness of Microinvasive Glaucoma Surgery in the United States: Intelligent Research in Sight Registry Analysis 2013-2019.

In current United States clinical practice, MIGS has substantially lower reoperation rates when performed with phacoemulsification, especially for ECP and goniotomy or canaloplasty.

Association Between Sleep Parameters and Glaucoma in the United States Population: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

This study revealed associations between glaucoma and abnormal sleep duration, sleep latency, and daytime dysfunction; poor sleep parameters may be a risk factor for or a consequence of glaucoma.

Cup-to-Disc Ratio Asymmetry in U.S. Adults: Prevalence and Association with Glaucoma in the 2005-2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Vertical cup-to-disc ratio asymmetry is predictive of prevalent glaucoma, but the PPV remains low even at high degrees of asymmetry.

Corneal Edema and Keratoplasty: Risk Factors in Eyes With Previous Glaucoma Drainage Devices.

The risk of postoperative corneal decompensation is persistent over time. Patients receiving GDDs, particularly those with advanced age, preexisting corneal pathology, and postoperative complications, should be counseled regarding their increased risk for corneal decompensation.

Changes in Performance of Glaucoma Surgeries 1994 through 2017 Based on Claims and Payment Data for United States Medicare Beneficiaries.

Glaucoma practice patterns change each time a new device or procedure is introduced.

Predicting Global Test-Retest Variability of Visual Fields in Glaucoma.

Inclusion of archetype VF loss patterns and TD values based on first VF improved the prediction of the global test-retest variability than using traditional global VF indices alone.

Forecasting Risk of Future Rapid Glaucoma Worsening Using Early Visual Field, OCT, and Clinical Data.

Deep learning models can forecast future rapid glaucoma worsening with modest to high performance when trained using data from early in the disease course.

Evidence-Based Guidelines for the Number of Peripapillary OCT Scans Needed to Detect Glaucoma Worsening.

To diagnose RNFL worsening more accurately, the number of OCT scans must be increased compared with current clinical practice. A clustered measurement strategy reduces the number of scans required compared with evenly spacing measurements.

Effectiveness of Trabeculectomy and Tube Shunt with versus without Concurrent Phacoemulsification: Intelligent Research in Sight Registry Longitudinal Analysis.

Reoperation rates within the first 3 years after trabeculectomy and GDD with and without phacoemulsification were low.

Factors Predicting a Greater Likelihood of Poor Visual Field Reliability in Glaucoma Patients and Suspects.

FPs, test duration, and FNs are the primary measures predicting if a VF is likely to be reliable, although tests with normal reliability measures may still be unreliable.

Assessing Functional Disability in Glaucoma: The Relative Importance of Central Versus Far Peripheral Visual Fields.

The relative importance of central 24 degrees versus more peripheral VF damage differs across functional domains in patients with glaucoma.

Baseline Age and Mean Deviation Affect the Rate of Glaucomatous Vision Loss.

Older age and worse MD at baseline are associated with more rapid VF progression in this large dataset.

Microinvasive Glaucoma Surgery in US Ophthalmology Residency: Surgical Case Log Cross-sectional Analysis and Proposal for New Glaucoma Procedure Classification.

Case logs were received for 152/488 (31%) residents from 36/115 (31%) programs.

Development and Comparison of Machine Learning Algorithms to Determine Visual Field Progression.

MLCs showed a moderate to high level of accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity and were more balanced than conventional algorithms.

The Relationship Between Quantitative Pupillometry and Estimated Ganglion Cell Counts in Patients With Glaucoma.

There is a statistically significant association between estimated RGC count and pupillary response to stimuli. Quantitative pupillography may be useful in diagnosis and monitoring of optic neuropathies.

An Objective and Easy-to-Use Glaucoma Functional Severity Staging System Based on Artificial Intelligence.

We discovered that 4 severity levels based on MD thresholds of -2.2, -8.0, and -17.3 dB, provides the optimal number of severity stages based on unsupervised and supervised machine learning.

Deficiencies in Ophthalmology Residents' Case Logging of Glaucoma Surgery.

Association of an Electronic Health Record-Linked Glaucoma Medical Reminder With Patient Satisfaction.

Electronic health records-linked reminders had good uptake and were well received among patients at a tertiary glaucoma clinic.

Short-term Detection of Fast Progressors in Glaucoma: The Fast Progression Assessment through Clustered Evaluation (Fast-PACE) Study.

Clustered testing in the Fast-PACE Study detected fast-progressing glaucoma eyes over 6 months.

The Association Between Intraocular Pressure and Visual Field Worsening in Treated Glaucoma Patients.

IOP remained associated with VF worsening in eyes with more advanced glaucoma throughout the IOP range but was only associated with VF worsening in eyes with less severe glaucoma at higher IOP.

Variability and Power to Detect Progression of Different Visual Field Patterns.

Time to detect central VF progression was reduced with 10-2 MD compared with 24-2 and C24-2 MD in glaucoma eyes in this large dataset, in part because 10-2 tests had lower variability.

Artificial Intelligence and Glaucoma: Illuminating the Black Box.

Unplanned Return to the Operating Room After Trabeculectomy.

Nearly 10% of eyes returned to OR within 180 days and over 20% of eyes required reoperation at any time postoperatively with a mean follow-up of nearly 3 years.

Comparison of Structural and Functional Features in Primary Angle Closure and Open Angle Glaucomas.

Patients with PACG had less structural damage than patients with POAG despite similar degrees of functional loss.

Unplanned Return to the Operating Room After Tube Shunt Surgery.

More than 20% of eyes undergoing tube shunt surgery returned to the OR at any time postoperatively with a mean follow-up of nearly 3 years, with more than 10% of eyes undergoing reoperation within the first 180 days.

Inter-Eye Association of Visual Field Defects in Glaucoma and Its Clinical Utility.

VF patterns of the worse eye are predictive of VF defects in the better eye.

Accuracy of ICD-10 Glaucoma Codes in a Large Academic Practice.

Identifying Factors Associated With Fast Visual Field Progression in Patients With Ocular Hypertension Based on Unsupervised Machine Learning.

Unsupervised clustering can objectively identify OHT subtypes including those with fast VF worsening without human expert intervention.

Transformer-Based Deep Learning Prediction of 10-Degree Humphrey Visual Field Tests From 24-Degree Data.

The predicted 10-2 VF has the potential to improve glaucoma diagnosis.

The Impact of Achieving Target Intraocular Pressure on Glaucomatous Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thinning in a Treated Clinical Population.

Being above the clinician-set target pressure is associated with more rapid RNFL thinning in suspect, mild, and moderate glaucoma.

Ophthalmology Surgical Assessment of Tube Shunt Glaucoma Surgery.

The tube shunt assessment tool has face validity, content validity, and interobserver reliability, and can be used to assess tube shunt surgery skills. Further studies are required to determine predictive and construct validity.

Improving Visual Field Forecasting by Correcting for the Effects of Poor Visual Field Reliability.

Including all VFs in the trend estimation has more predictive power for future reliable VFs than excluding unreliable VFs. Correcting for VF reliability further improves model accuracy.

American Glaucoma Society Position Paper: Information Sharing Using Established Standards Is Essential to the Future of Glaucoma Care.

Gap Analysis of Glaucoma Examination Concept Representations within Standard Systemized Nomenclature of Medicine - Clinical Terms.

There are existing gaps in the standardized representation of findings related to tonometry and gonioscopy within SNOMED-CT.

Surgical Outcomes and Quality Assessment of Trabeculectomy: Leveraging Electronic Health Records for Clinical Data Visualization.

Over the initial 3 months after trabeculectomy, additional surgeries are rare, while a significant proportion of patients lost vision, and this was strongly associated with a need to return to the operating room.

Assessing the Accuracy of Artificial Intelligence-Generated Clinical Summaries From Ambulatory Glaucoma Subspecialty Clinical Encounters.

Although LLaMA 2 is not yet reliable as a standalone clinical tool, it shows promise to improve clinical communication.

Geographic Distribution of Access to Glaucoma Surgery: An IRIS® Registry (Intelligent Research in Sight) Analysis.

Patients are more likely to receive most types of glaucoma surgeries in urban practice locations.

Gap Analysis of Standard Automated Perimetry Concept Representation in Medical Terminologies.

There is a lack of representation of some SAP data elements in standardized medical terminologies, hampering interoperability and data sharing.

Comparing Traditional and Newer Glaucoma Procedures by Physician Experience and Practice Location in the United States.

In the United States, physicians in metropolitan areas and more recent certification years are more likely to perform a larger proportion of traditional procedures.

PyOPV: An Open-Source Python Package for Ophthalmic Visual Field Data Management.

PyOPV provides an efficient solution for handling ophthalmic visual field data, bridging a critical gap in data interoperability and research scalability.

Dual-Level Pattern Tree for Visual Field Improves Glaucoma Progression and Polygenic Risk Prediction.

Trunk-branch VF classifiers were superior to trunk-only characterizations for predicting functional progression and glaucoma PRS.

The Impact of Myopia on Regional Visual Field Loss and Progression in Glaucoma.

Lower SE values are associated with worse paracentral VF loss. Worse myopia is associated with functional progression, even when excluding patients with high myopia.

Impact of Demographics on Regional Visual Field Loss and Deterioration in Glaucoma.

Blacks and non-English speakers have more severe VF loss, with superior hemifield being more affected and faster VF worsening.

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Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors for the Primary Prevention of Glaucoma in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Target Trial Emulation.

Patients on SGLT2i, including canagliflozin, empagliflozin, dapagliflozin, and ertugliflozin, had a significantly lower risk of incident glaucoma compared to those on DPP4i. SGLT2i demonstrated a protective effect for both open-angle glaucoma and angle-closure glaucoma.

Impact of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic on Surgical Volumes Among Fellowship-Trained Glaucoma Subspecialists.

Among glaucoma-trained surgeons, glaucoma surgeries experienced a greater volume loss than cataract surgeries.

Reply.

Author Response: Comments on Evaluation of Central and Peripheral Visual Field Concordance in Glaucoma.

Use of Multiple Tests Improves Screening for Glaucoma-Reply.

Evaluation of Central and Peripheral Visual Field Concordance in Glaucoma.

Central 24-2 testing generally reflects the extent of damage to the more peripheral VF in glaucoma, although significant disagreement exists for individual eyes.

Prevalence of Glaucoma in the United States: The 2005-2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

The prevalence of glaucoma based on optic nerve fundus photography assessment in the general US population 40 years of age and older was 2.1%.

Diabetes, Triglyceride Levels, and Other Risk Factors for Glaucoma in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2008.

People who are older, of black race, and with lower income levels have a higher prevalence of glaucoma. A novel association between diabetes, triglyceride levels, and glaucoma is also identified.

Big Data, Big Challenges.

Evaluation of Frequency-Doubling Technology Perimetry as a Means of Screening for Glaucoma and Other Eye Diseases Using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Using the 2005-2008 waves of the NHANES as a model of population-based screening for eye disease, FDT perimetry lacks both sensitivity and specificity as a means of screening for glaucoma, the presence of retinal disease, or decreased acuity in a population-based setting.

Author Response: Neurological Hemifield Test in Binasal Defects.