Gardiner Stuart K

Automated Segmentation Errors When Using Optical Coherence Tomography to Measure Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness in Glaucoma.

Automated segmentation without manual refinement resulted in reduced global RNFL thickness and overestimated the classification of glaucoma.

The connective tissue phenotype of glaucomatous cupping in the monkey eye - Clinical and research implications.

A third goal is to summarize our current efforts to move from ONH morphology to the cell biology of connective tissue remodeling and axonal insult early in the disease.

Factors Influencing Central Lamina Cribrosa Depth: A Multicenter Study.

Central LD was deeper in African descent eyes and influenced least by age, axial length, and sex, but more by ASCO area, when measured relative to the ASCO and sclera.

Peripapillary Retinoschisis in Glaucoma: Association With Progression and OCT Signs of Müller Cell Involvement.

This is the first report showing that glaucomatous PPRS is associated with a faster overall rate of RNFL thinning and visual field deterioration and to specifically identify OCT signs of Müller cell involvement.

Detection of Functional Change Using Cluster Trend Analysis in Glaucoma.

Although the specificity is still suboptimal, cluster trend analysis detects subsequently confirmed deterioration sooner than either global or pointwise analyses.

Glaucoma Specialist Optic Disc Margin, Rim Margin, and Rim Width Discordance in Glaucoma and Glaucoma Suspect Eyes.

In this study, glaucoma specialist RM, DM, and RW discordance was frequent and substantial, even in sectors that were suspicious for rim thinning.

Differences in the Relation Between Perimetric Sensitivity and Variability Between Locations Across the Visual Field.

Among damaged locations, variability did not systematically vary with eccentricity. This could be because Ricco's area expands in glaucoma, such that stimuli were now smaller than this area at all locations.

Detecting Change Using Standard Global Perimetric Indices in Glaucoma.

MD detected significant deterioration sooner than VFI or PSD. In particular, MD detected more eyes in the first 5 years of their follow-up, which were presumably undergoing more rapid progression.

Peripapillary Scleral Bowing Increases with Age and Is Inversely Associated with Peripapillary Choroidal Thickness in Healthy Eyes.

In non-highly myopic healthy eyes, outward peripapillary scleral bowing achieved substantial levels, was markedly increased with age, and was independently associated with decreased peripapillary choroidal thickness.

Increased Optic Nerve Head Capillary Blood Flow in Early Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma.

Blood flow within ONH capillaries was higher in glaucoma suspect eyes than in healthy controls.

Reducing Variability of Perimetric Global Indices from Eyes with Progressive Glaucoma by Censoring Unreliable Sensitivity Data.

This study demonstrates that censoring is an effective tool to reduce variability at low sensitivities for progressing eyes.

Time Lag Between Functional Change and Loss of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer in Glaucoma.

Although RNFL thinning may be detectable sooner, true functional change appears to predict and precede thinning of the RNFL in glaucoma.

Cataract Surgery Lowers Intraocular Pressure and Medication Use in the Medication Group of the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study.

Cataract surgery in patients with ocular hypertension produced sustained reductions in the average number of ocular hypotensive medications and transient reductions in IOP.

Intraocular Pressure and Medication Burden With Cataract Surgery Alone, or Cataract Surgery Combined With Trabecular Bypass or Goniotomy.

Trabecular micro-bypass and goniotomy when added to cataract surgery resulted in a large decrease in IOP spikes, a modest effect on IOP, and a minimal effect on medication burden when compared with cataract surgery alone…

Effect of Trabeculectomy on OCT Measurements of the Optic Nerve Head Neuroretinal Rim Tissue.

Trabeculectomy resulted in anatomical changes to the ONH rim associated with reduced glaucomatous cupping.

Optical Coherence Tomography Segmentation Errors of the Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Persist Over Time.

Errors in automated segmentation remain relatively stable, and baseline error is highly likely to persist in the same direction and magnitude in subsequent time periods.

Long- and Short-Term Variability of Perimetry in Glaucoma.

Long-term and short-term variability both increase with damage for perimetric stimuli smaller than Ricco's area. Above 28 dB, long-term variability constitutes a negligible proportion of test-retest variability.

Retinal Vessel Pulsatile Characteristics Associated With Vascular Stiffness Can Predict the Rate of Functional Progression in Glaucoma Suspects.

Higher retinal vascular resistance and, by likely implication, stiffer retinal vessels were associated with more rapid functional loss in eyes without significant existing loss at baseline.

Association of Optic Nerve Head Prelaminar Schisis With Glaucoma.

ONH prelaminar schisis may be a sign of glaucomatous deformation and reflect ongoing pathophysiological damage.

Optical Coherence Tomography Structural Abnormality Detection in Glaucoma Using Topographically Correspondent Rim and Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Criteria.

Clinically intuitive TC MRW and pRNFLT combination criteria identified the sectoral location of OCT abnormality in GL eyes with high diagnostic precision.

Glaucoma Specialist Detection of Optical Coherence Tomography Suspicious Rim Tissue in Glaucoma and Glaucoma Suspect Eyes.

Clinicians most commonly failed to detect OCT suspicious rim thickness nasally where suspicious rim tissues were also most common.

Optic Nerve Head Myelin-Related Protein, GFAP, and Iba1 Alterations in Non-Human Primates With Early to Moderate Experimental Glaucoma.

Retrolaminar myelin disruption occurs early in NHP EG and may be accompanied by laminar and retrolaminar decreases in astrocyte process labeling and increases in microglial/ macrophage density.

Novel Eye Drop Delivery Aid Improves Outcomes and Satisfaction.

Eye drop users preferred the NPDD over traditional eye drop delivery. The NPDD improved eye drop delivery success, reduced bottle tip contact, and decreased the number of eye drops wasted.

Visual Field Progression in the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study.

Some participants in OHTS had rapid rates of VF loss in one or both eyes despite being followed in a clinical study.

OCT Segmentation Errors with Bruch's Membrane Opening-Minimum Rim Width as Compared with Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness.

Both BMO-MRW and RNFLT measurements included segmentation errors, which did not seem to have a common location, and may result in differences in glaucoma classification.

Moving Stimulus Perimetry: A New Functional Test for Glaucoma.

Using a moving stimulus increases perimetric sensitivities in regions of glaucomatous loss.

Detection of Functional Deterioration in Glaucoma by Trend Analysis Using Overlapping Clusters of Locations.

After equalizing specificity, overlapping clusters of locations did not significantly reduce the time to detect deterioration compared with nonoverlapping clusters.

Using the Rate of Glaucomatous Visual Field Progression in One Eye to Help Assess the Rate in the Fellow Eye.

The long-term rate of visual field change in an eye is, in part, predicted by the rate in the fellow eye, particularly when only a few visual field results are available for each eye.

Assessment of Time Lag Between Blood Flow, Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness and Visual Field Sensitivity Changes in Glaucoma.

The evidence supports a temporal sequence where MD changes precede blood flow changes, which, in turn, may precede alterations in RNFLT.

Retrolaminar Demyelination of Structurally Intact Axons in Nonhuman Primate Experimental Glaucoma.

Structurally intact, RON axons are demyelinated in NHP early to moderate EG. Studies to determine their functional status are indicated.

Eye Drop Adherence With an Eye Drop Bottle Cap Monitor.

The D3 monitor remained attached to the eye drop bottle cap for the duration of the study and collected adherence data in all 50 patients.

Longitudinal Signal-to-Noise Ratio of Perimetry at Different Severities of Glaucoma.

The lower bound of maximum utility for perimetry was ∼17 to 21dB, coinciding with previous results suggesting that below this point, retinal ganglion cell responses saturate and noise overwhelms remaining signal.

Anterior Segment Parameters are Associated With Intraocular Pressure Spikes Following Cataract Surgery in Glaucoma Patients.

IOP spikes were common in glaucoma patients after cataract surgery and were associated with anterior segment anatomy. Future studies may use risk factors to identify and prevent IOP spikes in glaucoma patients after cataract surgery.

Impact of Optic Nerve Tortuosity, Globe Proptosis, and Size on Retinal Ganglion Cell Thickness Across General, Glaucoma, and Myopic Populations.

Straighter optic nerves and decreased ILPP distance could cause RNFL thinning, possibly due to greater traction forces.

Quality of Life and Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma in the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study.

In this cross-sectional study, among the surviving participants of OHTS who completed the 20-year follow-up examination, those participants who developed preperimetric POAG but no glaucomatous VF loss did not report lower VFQoL compared with participants who did not develop POAG.

Differences in Systemic Pulse Waveform Between Individuals With Glaucoma, Glaucoma Suspects, and Healthy Controls.

The shape of the systemic pulsatile waveform differs in individuals with GL/GLS suspects, compared to HC eyes. Blood pressure changes more rapidly in individuals with GL, which suggests higher arterial stiffness.

Clinicians' Use of Quantitative Information while Assessing the Rate of Functional Progression in Glaucoma.

Expert academic glaucoma specialists' assessment of the rate of change correlated best with VFI rates, except in eyes with a VFI near the ceiling of 100%.

Clinicians' Use of Quantitative Information When Assessing the Rate of Structural Progression in Glaucoma.

The rate of change of RNFLT in the most rapidly changing sector predicted experts' assessment of the rate of structural progression better than global rates or MRW.

Microvascular Volume Loss Exceeds Nerve Fiber Layer but Not Neuroretinal Rim Tissue Loss During Progression of Nonhuman Primate Experimental Glaucoma.

Progressive loss of functional microvasculature (adequately perfused capillaries) within the RNFL, occurring early and in excess of the neuroglial tissue it supplies, supports future investigation of therapeutic strategies that target vascular function.

Automated Spectral-Domain Versus Swept-Source OCT Angiography in Relation to Glaucoma Severity.

OCT-A-derived RPC density is an independent correlate of VF MD across both SD-OCT and SS-OCT platforms.

Relations Between Pulsatility in the Optic Nerve Head or Peripapillary Retinal Vessels and the Rate of Progression in Glaucoma.

Faster glaucomatous progression was associated with increased pulsatility in peripapillary arteries, suggesting impaired downstream retinal vasodilation beyond the ONH and neuroretinal rim.

Diagnostic Performance for Detection of Glaucomatous Structural Damage Using Pixelwise Analysis of Retinal Thickness Measurements.

Using pixel-based methods, the diagnostic accuracy of NFL and GCL exceeded that of IPL and TR.

The Temporal Relation Between Rates of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer and Minimum Rim Width Changes in Glaucoma.

MRW and RNFLT exhibit concurrent changes over time in patients with glaucoma, with no clinically significant time lag determined.

Detectability of Visual Field Defects in Glaucoma Using Moving Versus Static Stimuli for Perimetry.

When compared with static automated perimetry and expressed on a common scale, moving stimuli extend the effective dynamic range and decrease variability, without decreasing the detectability of known functional defects.

Effect of Restricting Perimetry Testing Algorithms to Reliable Sensitivities on Test-Retest Variability.

Restricting the range of possible sensitivity estimates reduced test-retest variability, not only at locations with severe damage but also at locations with higher sensitivity.

Localized Changes in Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness as a Predictor of Localized Functional Change in Glaucoma.

Localized RNFL thinning is associated with sensitivity loss at corresponding locations in the visual field, and their rates of change are significantly correlated.

Vision-related Quality of Life in Glaucoma Suspect or Early Glaucoma Patients.

Vision-related QoL is associated with visual field status even in early and suspected glaucoma.

In Vivo Detection of Laminar and Peripapillary Scleral Hypercompliance in Early Monkey Experimental Glaucoma.

Laminar (ALCSD-BMO) and peripapillary scleral (ALCSD-BM) hypercompliance are present in most monkey eyes at the onset of EG.

Lamina Cribrosa Microarchitecture in Monkey Early Experimental Glaucoma: Global Change.

Pore diameter, CTV, and LV increase in monkey early EG; however, EG eye-specific change is variable and includes both increases and decreases in BD and CTVF.

Changes in Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Reflectance Intensity as a Predictor of Functional Progression in Glaucoma.

For a given rate of RNFL thinning, a reduction in the RNFL reflectance intensity ratio is associated with more rapid functional deterioration. Incorporating SD-OCT reflectance information may improve the structure-function relation in glaucoma.

Concentration Accuracy of Compounded Mitomycin C for Ophthalmic Surgery.

Common compounding and storage techniques for MMC resulted in a lower accuracy and wider range of concentration than expected.

The Effect of Limiting the Range of Perimetric Sensitivities on Pointwise Assessment of Visual Field Progression in Glaucoma.

The proportion of eyes flagged as progressing was not decreased by censoring unreliable sensitivities.

The Connective Tissue Components of Optic Nerve Head Cupping in Monkey Experimental Glaucoma Part 1: Global Change.

Our postmortem studies retrospectively identify five connective tissue components of ONH "cupping" in monkey EG which serve as targets for longitudinally staging and phenotyping ONH connective tissue alteration within all forms of monkey and human…

Structural Measurements for Monitoring Change in Glaucoma: Comparing Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness With Minimum Rim Width and Area.

Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness measured by SDOCT had a better LSNR than MRW or MRA.

The Effect of Stimulus Size on the Reliable Stimulus Range of Perimetry.

The lower limit of the reliable stimulus range did not differ significantly between stimulus sizes. However, more locations remained within the reliable stimulus range when using the size V stimulus.

Nonlinear Trend Analysis of Longitudinal Pointwise Visual Field Sensitivity in Suspected and Early Glaucoma.

An exponential model may more accurately track pointwise VF change, at locations damaged by glaucoma.

Short-term enhancement of visual field sensitivity in glaucomatous eyes following surgical intraocular pressure reduction.

Short-term enhancement of central and peripheral VF sensitivity occurs after surgical reduction of IOP in glaucomatous eyes and may represent a potential biomarker for retinal ganglion cell response to therapeutic interventions in glaucoma.