Friedman David S

Evidence-based Criteria for Assessment of Visual Field Reliability.

FL have little impact on reliability in patients with established glaucoma.

The Global Extent of Undetected Glaucoma in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Undetected glaucoma increases the risk of vision impairment, which leads to detrimental effects on the quality-of-life and socioeconomic well-being of those affected.

Racial and Socioeconomic Differences in Eye Care Utilization among Medicare Beneficiaries with Glaucoma.

Disparities were found in eye care utilization among Black and Hispanic patients with glaucoma. These differences persisted among Blacks after stratification by SES, suggesting that systemic racism may be an independent driver in this population.

Greater Physical Activity Is Associated with Slower Visual Field Loss in Glaucoma.

Increased walking, greater time spent doing moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, and more time spent in nonsedentary activity were associated with slower rates of VF loss in a treated population of patients with glaucoma, with an additional…

Validation of a Head-mounted Virtual Reality Visual Field Screening Device.

While the CFA did not reliably identify deficits that matched the HFA, it was moderately effective at identifying glaucoma subjects.

Ocular Biometric Risk Factors for Progression of Primary Angle Closure Disease: The Zhongshan Angle Closure Prevention Trial.

Ocular biometric measurements can help to risk-stratify patients with early angle closure for more severe disease.

The Singapore Asymptomatic Narrow Angles Laser Iridotomy Study: Five-Year Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial.

In patients with bilateral asymptomatic PACS, eyes that underwent prophylactic LPI reached significantly fewer end points compared with control eyes over 5 years. However, the overall incidence of PAC or PACG was low.

Changes in Anterior Segment Morphology and Predictors of Angle Widening after Laser Iridotomy in South Indian Eyes.

In a South Indian population with PACS or PAC/PACG, LPI results in significant anterior chamber angle widening seen on both ASOCT and gonioscopy, although some degree of persistent iridotrabecular contact was present in approximately half…

Gait Implications of Visual Field Damage from Glaucoma.

Glaucoma severity was associated with several gait parameters predictive of higher fall risk in prior studies, particularly measures of stride-to-stride variability.

Anatomic Changes and Predictors of Angle Widening after Laser Peripheral Iridotomy: The Zhongshan Angle Closure Prevention Trial.

Superior LPI location results in significantly greater angle widening compared with temporal or nasal locations in a Chinese population with PACS. This supports consideration of superior LPI locations to optimize anatomic changes after LPI.

Predicting Visual Disability in Glaucoma With Combinations of Vision Measures.

Vision in glaucoma is a multidimensional construct that can be described by several variably-correlated vision measures. Measuring more than two vision tests does not substantially improve models for activity limitation.

Association of Baseline Anterior Segment Parameters With the Development of Incident Gonioscopic Angle Closure.

These findings suggest that smaller AOD750 and larger LV measurements are associated with the development of incident gonioscopic angle closure after 4 years among participants with gonioscopically open angles at baseline.

Prevalence of Glaucoma Among US Adults in 2022.

This meta-analysis found that an estimated 2.56% of people 40 years or older have glaucoma, slightly more than estimated by previous studies.

Predictors of Falls per Step and Falls per Year At and Away From Home in Glaucoma.

In this glaucoma population, most falls occurred at home, and the risk of any step resulting in a fall was higher at home.

Locations, Circumstances, and Outcomes of Falls in Patients With Glaucoma.

Glaucoma patients fall mostly in/around the home and demonstrate similar fall circumstances across the spectrum of disease severity, suggesting that current fall prevention interventions, particularly those emphasizing home modification, may be an adequate starting point…

Improving Follow-up and Reducing Barriers for Eye Screenings in Communities: The SToP Glaucoma Study.

Obesity, short distance between screening sites and hospital, poor presenting visual acuity in the better eye, and an abnormal macula on fundus photography were associated with increased follow-up rate.

Optimizing Glaucoma Screening in High-Risk Population: Design and 1-Year Findings of the Screening to Prevent (SToP) Glaucoma Study.

A large proportion of individuals screened required ophthalmic services, particularly those who were older and less well educated.

Effectiveness of Microinvasive Glaucoma Surgery in the United States: Intelligent Research in Sight Registry Analysis 2013-2019.

In current United States clinical practice, MIGS has substantially lower reoperation rates when performed with phacoemulsification, especially for ECP and goniotomy or canaloplasty.

Gait and Balance as Predictors and/or Mediators of Falls in Glaucoma.

Although balance and gait measures are associated with fall rates, they do not explain why persons with greater visual field damage fall more frequently, suggesting the importance of other potential factors such as hazard perception.

Vision Parameters Most Important to Functionality in Glaucoma.

Measures of visual ability are important for several aspects of quality of life and functionality.

Assessment of Circumferential Angle Closure with Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography: a Community Based Study.

In this large community-based study, SS-OCT exhibited moderate performance for angle closure detection compared to gonioscopy as the reference standard.

Fourteen-Year Outcome of Angle-Closure Prevention with Laser Iridotomy in the Zhongshan Angle-Closure Prevention Study: Extended Follow-up of a Randomized Controlled Trial.

During the 14 years, 390 LPI-treated eyes and 388 control eyes were lost to follow-up.

Deep Ocular Phenotyping Across Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Genetic Burden.

Results suggest that PRS identified a group of individuals at substantially higher risk for POAG.

Quantifying Fall-Related Hazards in the Homes of Persons with Glaucoma.

Multiple home fall hazards were identified in the study population, and hazard numbers were not lower for persons with worse VF damage, suggesting that individuals with more advanced glaucoma do not adapt their homes for safety.

Patterns of Daily Physical Activity across the Spectrum of Visual Field Damage in Glaucoma Patients.

At worse levels of VF damage, glaucoma patients demonstrate shorter, more fragmented bouts of physical activity throughout the day and lower activity levels during typical waking hours, reflecting low physiologic functioning.

Biometric Risk Factors for Angle Closure Progression After Laser Peripheral Iridotomy.

Study results suggest that persistent angle narrowing detected by AS-OCT or cumulative gonioscopy score was predictive of disease progression in PACS eyes after LPI.

Comparison of Perimetric Outcomes from a Tablet Perimeter, Smart Visual Function Analyzer, and Humphrey Field Analyzer.

Although average MD values from the 2 novel devices suggest that they provide similar results to the HFA, point-by-point comparisons highlight notable deviations.

Association Between Visual Field Damage and Gait Dysfunction in Patients With Glaucoma.

At worse levels of baseline VF damage, patients with glaucoma in this study demonstrated an exacerbated decline in walking speeds (ie, stride velocity and cadence), indicating that mobility speeds decrease faster over time in older…

Lessons Learned From 2 Large Community-based Glaucoma Screening Studies.

This editorial highlights lessons learned from 2 large prospective trials: the Philadelphia Telemedicine Glaucoma Detection and Follow-up Study and the Screening To Prevent Glaucoma Study.

The Association of Glaucomatous Visual Field Loss and Balance.

Balance was worse in glaucoma patients with greater VF damage under foam surface testing (designed to inhibit proprioceptive contributions to balance) as well as feet-together firm-surface conditions when somatosensory inputs were available.

Effectiveness of Trabeculectomy and Tube Shunt with versus without Concurrent Phacoemulsification: Intelligent Research in Sight Registry Longitudinal Analysis.

Reoperation rates within the first 3 years after trabeculectomy and GDD with and without phacoemulsification were low.

Factors Predicting a Greater Likelihood of Poor Visual Field Reliability in Glaucoma Patients and Suspects.

FPs, test duration, and FNs are the primary measures predicting if a VF is likely to be reliable, although tests with normal reliability measures may still be unreliable.

Assessing Functional Disability in Glaucoma: The Relative Importance of Central Versus Far Peripheral Visual Fields.

The relative importance of central 24 degrees versus more peripheral VF damage differs across functional domains in patients with glaucoma.

Implementation of an Online Glaucoma-Specific Quality of Life Computerized Adaptive Test System in a US Glaucoma Hospital.

Pilot implementation of six GlauCAT QOL tests in glaucoma outpatient clinics was feasible and acceptable. Integration of GlauCAT with electronic medical records (EMRs) and evaluation of long-term implementation outcomes are needed.

Environmental Features Contributing to Falls in Persons With Vision Impairment: The Role of Home Lighting and Home Hazards.

Fewer home falls were found with better lighting, but not with fewer home hazards. Lighting improvements at home may reduce fall rates in older adults.

Gait in Elderly Glaucoma: Impact of Lighting Conditions, Changes in Lighting, and Fear of Falling.

Patients with more VF damage demonstrate gait degradation in extreme or changing lighting, which is not mediated by FOF.

The Relationship Between Quantitative Pupillometry and Estimated Ganglion Cell Counts in Patients With Glaucoma.

There is a statistically significant association between estimated RGC count and pupillary response to stimuli. Quantitative pupillography may be useful in diagnosis and monitoring of optic neuropathies.

Manhattan Vision Screening and Follow-up Study (NYC-SIGHT): Baseline Results and Costs of a Cluster-Randomized Trial.

This innovative study in public housing developments targeted high-risk populations, provided access to eye-care, and improved early detection of ocular diseases in New York City.

Incidence and Outcome of Uveitic Glaucoma in Eyes With Intermediate, Posterior, or Panuveitis Followed up to 10 Years After Randomization to Fluocinolone Acetonide Implant or Systemic Therapy.

The implant has substantially higher risk of glaucoma than systemic therapy, a difference not entirely explained by posttreatment IOP elevation.

Association of an Electronic Health Record-Linked Glaucoma Medical Reminder With Patient Satisfaction.

Electronic health records-linked reminders had good uptake and were well received among patients at a tertiary glaucoma clinic.

Trends in Prevalence of Diagnosed Ocular Disease and Utilization of Eye Care Services in American Veterans.

The prevalence of diagnosed eye conditions among American Veterans is increasing, as is the use of eye care services.

Short-term Detection of Fast Progressors in Glaucoma: The Fast Progression Assessment through Clustered Evaluation (Fast-PACE) Study.

Clustered testing in the Fast-PACE Study detected fast-progressing glaucoma eyes over 6 months.

Natural History and Risk Factors for Glaucoma Progression in Chinese Patients With Normal-Tension Glaucoma.

Nearly two-thirds of untreated Chinese patients with NTG progressed over an average follow-up of 70 months by VF, RNFL, or GCIPL.

Importance and Severity Dependence of Physical Activity by GPS-Tracked Location in Glaucoma Patients.

Restriction of physical activity in more patients with severe glaucoma results mostly from activity restriction outside the home environment.

Crowdsourcing to Evaluate Fundus Photographs for the Presence of Glaucoma.

Turkers graded 60 fundus images quickly and at low cost, with grading accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity, all improving with brief training.

Treatment Patterns of Childhood Glaucoma in the United States: Analysis of IRISRegistry (Intelligent Research in Sight).

We found that 1 in 6 childhood glaucoma eyes underwent glaucoma-related procedures, and nearly all received antiglaucoma medications.

Use of Diagnostic Codes for Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Polygenic Risk Score Construction in Electronic Health Record-Linked Biobanks.

A POAG PRS performed similarly using either manual review or ICD codes in 2 electronic health record-linked biobanks; manual assessment of glaucoma status might not be necessary for some PRS studies.

Evaluating Goldmann Applanation Tonometry Intraocular Pressure Measurement Agreement Between Ophthalmic Technicians and Physicians.

Two physicians measuring the same patient in the same room disagreed by >2 mm Hg in 17% of patients' eyes, and this amount of disagreement was even higher when comparing physicians to certified technicians.

Acute Angle-Closure Attacks Are Uncommon in Primary Angle-Closure Suspects after Pharmacologic Mydriasis: The Zhongshan Angle-Closure Prevention Trial.

The risk of incident AAC attacks in PACSs was extremely low, even in a higher-risk group that underwent repeated pharmacologic pupillary dilation over 6 years of follow-up.

Participant Experience Using Novel Perimetry Tests to Monitor Glaucoma Progression.

Users reported a preference for novel VF devices. Overall participant experience using these devices was positive, supporting the feasibility of home monitoring of VFs from an experience perspective.

Relationship between Claims-Based Frailty Index and Eye Care Utilization among Medicare Beneficiaries with Glaucoma.

Compared with nonfrail/prefrail Medicare beneficiaries with glaucoma, beneficiaries with moderate-to-severe frailty had lower rates of eye care utilization in the outpatient setting and higher rates of utilization in acute care settings.

Unplanned Return to the Operating Room After Trabeculectomy.

Nearly 10% of eyes returned to OR within 180 days and over 20% of eyes required reoperation at any time postoperatively with a mean follow-up of nearly 3 years.

Comparison of Structural and Functional Features in Primary Angle Closure and Open Angle Glaucomas.

Patients with PACG had less structural damage than patients with POAG despite similar degrees of functional loss.

Long-Term Risk and Prediction of Progression in Primary Angle Closure Suspect.

This cohort study suggests that higher IOP, shallower central and limbal ACDs, and smaller TISA at 500 μm and light-room ARA at 750 μm may serve as baseline predictors for progression to PAC in PACS eyes.

Prevalence and Ocular Biometric Characteristics of Myopia in Primary Angle Closure Disease in Rural China: The Handan Eye Study.

Myopia was common among persons with PACD who were less than 40 years of age in this rural Chinese population, and over half of those with PACG were myopic.

The Impact of Routinely Measuring IOP in Younger Adults to Screen for Glaucoma in a Large Eye Hospital.

One of every 535 young adults screened had both IOP >21 mm Hg and angle closure, OHT, secondary raised IOP or glaucoma.

The Clinical Usefulness of a Glaucoma Polygenic Risk Score in 4 Population-Based European Ancestry Cohorts.

Incorporating a PRS into a POAG predictive model improves identification concordance from 0.75 up to 0.82, supporting its potential for guiding more cost-effective screening strategies.

Unplanned Return to the Operating Room After Tube Shunt Surgery.

More than 20% of eyes undergoing tube shunt surgery returned to the OR at any time postoperatively with a mean follow-up of nearly 3 years, with more than 10% of eyes undergoing reoperation within the first 180 days.

Short-Term Ocular Biometric Changes as Predictors of Long-Term Angle Closure Progression.

Short-term (18-month) changes in LV and TISA750 were associated with long-term (36-72 month) angle closure progression in untreated PACS eyes, suggesting that monitoring changes in lens size or position and angle width could augment predictive…

Accuracy of ICD-10 Glaucoma Codes in a Large Academic Practice.

Role of Static and Dynamic Ocular Biometrics Measured in the Dark and Light as Risk Factors for Angle Closure Progression.

Static parameters measured in the light are as predictive, and possibly more so, of angle closure progression as those measured in the dark.

The Impact of Neighborhood Factors on Physical Activity in Older Adults With Visual Impairment.

Select NFs (poverty share and crime rate) may disproportionately affect physical activity in patients with severe VF loss.

Outcomes and Revenue Generation of a Community-based Screening at a Center in the United States: The SToP Glaucoma Program.

A large community-based vision screening program in Baltimore was able to identify ocular conditions requiring treatment in underserved older adults and connect them to eyecare.

Population-Based Utility of van Herick Grading for Angle-Closure Detection.

Comparison of structure-function correlation among IMO visual function analyser and Humphrey field analyser.

The IMOvifa test took less time and resulted in slightly less severe defects than HFA. MS in all sectors was moderately to strongly correlated. Function-structure correlations were similar when using either perimeter.

Transformer-Based Deep Learning Prediction of 10-Degree Humphrey Visual Field Tests From 24-Degree Data.

The predicted 10-2 VF has the potential to improve glaucoma diagnosis.

Visual Impairment and Real-World Home Physical Activity With Home Environment in an Older Population.

In this study, results demonstrated that home environment features, particularly lighting, may influence home activity metrics in older adults with visual impairment.

MNREAD Reading Vision in Adults With Glaucoma Under Mesopic and Photopic Conditions.

Mesopic conditions make reading more challenging for both healthy controls and glaucoma patients.

Treatment Outcomes for Juvenile Open Angle Glaucoma in Thailand.

Trabeculectomy with mitomycin C was the most common primary surgery performed in Thai patients with JOAG, and successfully reduced intraocular pressure without significant complications.

Outcomes of a Modified Trabeculectomy Closure Technique.

The modified closure provided similar results to the standard closure for trabeculectomy.

Global Glaucoma Prevalence: Burden and Projection to 2060.

There is a significant, previously underestimated, increase in OAG burden globally, driven by the rising prevalence of myopia.

Surgical Outcomes and Risk Factors for Failure in Childhood Glaucoma: Analysis of the IRIS® Registry (Intelligent Research in Sight).

Surgical failure was common in approximately half of all cases.

Does Age Modify the Relation Between Genetic Predisposition to Glaucoma and Various Glaucoma Traits in the UK Biobank?

With increasing age, an mtGPRS was a better predictor of higher IOP and glaucoma prevalence. It is useful to consider chronological age with genetic information in designing glaucoma screening strategies.

Long-Term Outcomes from an Intraoperative Bleb Needling Procedure Augmented with Continuous Infusion.

Reductions in IOP were maintained in most patients over the long term using a modified bleb needling technique, despite an average time from trabeculectomy of over 4 years.

Surgical Outcomes and Quality Assessment of Trabeculectomy: Leveraging Electronic Health Records for Clinical Data Visualization.

Over the initial 3 months after trabeculectomy, additional surgeries are rare, while a significant proportion of patients lost vision, and this was strongly associated with a need to return to the operating room.

Assessing the Accuracy of Artificial Intelligence-Generated Clinical Summaries From Ambulatory Glaucoma Subspecialty Clinical Encounters.

Although LLaMA 2 is not yet reliable as a standalone clinical tool, it shows promise to improve clinical communication.

Geographic Distribution of Access to Glaucoma Surgery: An IRIS® Registry (Intelligent Research in Sight) Analysis.

Patients are more likely to receive most types of glaucoma surgeries in urban practice locations.

Outcomes of Second Trabeculectomy Versus Glaucoma Drainage Device in Juvenile Open Angle Glaucoma After Primary Trabeculectomy Failure.

Both second trabeculectomy and GDD insertion are effective treatments for JOAG after trabeculectomy failure. The second trabeculectomy required fewer medications for intraocular pressure control.

Glaucoma Screening and Referral Risk Factors in a High-Risk Population: Follow-Up Study of the Manhattan Vision Screening Study.

Our findings support public health approaches that focus on community-based eye health screenings in high-risk populations and prioritize underserved communities.

Identifying Barriers and Improving Adherence to Follow-up of Childhood Glaucoma in South India.

Only half the children with childhood glaucoma remained adherent to follow-up.

Association of Optic Nerve Head and Macular Optical Coherence Tomography Measures With Glaucoma-Related Disability.

OCT RNFL, but not GCIPL, thickness is associated with multiple disability measures independent of VF damage severity.

Reply to Comment on: Evaluating Goldmann Applanation Tonometry Intraocular Pressure Measurement Agreement Between Ophthalmic Technicians and Physicians.

ChatGPT-Assisted Glaucoma Diagnosis: A Health-Equitable Multi-Ancestry Analysis Using Visual Field and Optical Coherence Tomography Data.

ChatGPT o1 Pro diagnosed glaucoma similarly to specialists using only VF and OCT data. The model performance was similar across ancestral groups and genetic predispositions to glaucoma.

Corneal Endothelial Keratoplasty Following Glaucoma Treatment: An American Academy of Ophthalmology IRIS® Registry (Intelligent Research in Sight) Analysis.

This large study highlights the substantially elevated risk of endothelial keratoplasty following traditional glaucoma surgeries such as tube/shunt implantation and trabeculectomy as well as the modestly increased risk associated with chronic topical glaucoma therapy.

Comparison of Glaucoma Surgery Incidence and Outcomes in Pseudoexfoliation and Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: IRIS® Registry Analysis.

Patients with PXG were nearly twice as likely to undergo glaucoma surgery than those with POAG, even when the baseline characteristics were balanced, reflecting the more aggressive nature of PXG.

Glaucoma: Are We Getting the Wrong Answers, or Asking the Wrong Questions?

Causes and Treatments of Malignant Glaucoma in the United States: Analysis of IRIS® Registry.

More than half of the eyes with MG had a pre-existing glaucoma diagnosis.

Dual-Level Pattern Tree for Visual Field Improves Glaucoma Progression and Polygenic Risk Prediction.

Trunk-branch VF classifiers were superior to trunk-only characterizations for predicting functional progression and glaucoma PRS.

The Impact of Myopia on Regional Visual Field Loss and Progression in Glaucoma.

Lower SE values are associated with worse paracentral VF loss. Worse myopia is associated with functional progression, even when excluding patients with high myopia.

Impact of Demographics on Regional Visual Field Loss and Deterioration in Glaucoma.

Blacks and non-English speakers have more severe VF loss, with superior hemifield being more affected and faster VF worsening.

Response to: The Impact of Routinely Measuring IOP in Younger Adults to Screen for Glaucoma in a Large Eye Hospital.

Long-term Persistent Angle Closure and Anatomic Changes after Laser Iridotomy in Suspected Primary Angle-Closure.

Laser iridotomy sustained angle widening in two-thirds of patients. However, a thicker iris at baseline in narrower angles predicted persistent closure, highlighting the need for tailored management in these cases.

Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors for the Primary Prevention of Glaucoma in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Target Trial Emulation.

Patients on SGLT2i, including canagliflozin, empagliflozin, dapagliflozin, and ertugliflozin, had a significantly lower risk of incident glaucoma compared to those on DPP4i. SGLT2i demonstrated a protective effect for both open-angle glaucoma and angle-closure glaucoma.

Manhattan Vision Screening and Follow-up Study (NYC-SIGHT): a nested cross-sectional assessment of falls risk within a cluster randomised trial.

This study detected a significant amount of falls risk in an underserved population.

Reply.

Author Response: Comments on Evaluation of Central and Peripheral Visual Field Concordance in Glaucoma.

Results From a Modified Bleb Needling Procedure With Continuous Infusion Performed in the Operating Room.

A modified bleb needling procedure performed in the operating room can successfully lower IOP in the setting of a previous trabeculectomy in over 60% of subjects a year after the procedure.

The Icare HOME (TA022) Study: Performance of an Intraocular Pressure Measuring Device for Self-Tonometry by Glaucoma Patients.

Not all participants could learn how to use the Icare HOME device, but for those who could, most were able to obtain measurements similar to those obtained by GAT.

Use of Multiple Tests Improves Screening for Glaucoma-Reply.

Prevalence of Glaucoma in the United States: The 2005-2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

The prevalence of glaucoma based on optic nerve fundus photography assessment in the general US population 40 years of age and older was 2.1%.

Evaluation of Central and Peripheral Visual Field Concordance in Glaucoma.

Central 24-2 testing generally reflects the extent of damage to the more peripheral VF in glaucoma, although significant disagreement exists for individual eyes.

Diabetes, Triglyceride Levels, and Other Risk Factors for Glaucoma in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2008.

People who are older, of black race, and with lower income levels have a higher prevalence of glaucoma. A novel association between diabetes, triglyceride levels, and glaucoma is also identified.

Evaluation of Frequency-Doubling Technology Perimetry as a Means of Screening for Glaucoma and Other Eye Diseases Using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Using the 2005-2008 waves of the NHANES as a model of population-based screening for eye disease, FDT perimetry lacks both sensitivity and specificity as a means of screening for glaucoma, the presence of retinal disease, or decreased acuity in a population-based setting.

Comparative Effectiveness of First-Line Medications for Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis.

All active first-line drugs are effective compared with placebo in reducing IOP at 3 months.

Anterior Segment Imaging Predicts Incident Gonioscopic Angle Closure.

Anterior segment OCT imaging at baseline predicts incident gonioscopic angle closure after 4 years among subjects who have gonioscopically open angles and iridotrabecular contact on AS OCT at baseline.

Ability of Bottle Cap Color to Facilitate Accurate Patient-Physician Communication Regarding Medication Identity in Patients with Glaucoma.

Physician understanding of patient medication use based solely on bottle cap color is frequently incorrect, particularly in patients with glaucoma who may have color vision deficiency.

Special Commentary: Supporting Innovation for Safe and Effective Minimally Invasive Glaucoma Surgery: Summary of a Joint Meeting of the American Glaucoma Society and the Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC, February 26, 2014.

Diabetes, fasting glucose, and the risk of glaucoma: a meta-analysis.

Diabetes, diabetes duration, and fasting glucose levels were associated with a significantly increased risk of glaucoma, and diabetes and fasting glucose levels were associated with slightly higher IOP.

Setting priorities for comparative effectiveness research on management of primary angle closure: a survey of Asia-Pacific clinicians.

We identified high priority clinical questions on the management of PAC, none of which had reliable SR evidence available. New SRs and randomized clinical trials can be initiated to address these evidence gaps.