Chapter 42: Medical and Surgical Treatments for Childhood Glaucomas

Hwang Young Hoon, Lee Sharon, Kim Mijin et al.

SC-CPC effectively lowered eye pressure and medication use in Korean patients with uncontrolled glaucoma, showing promise as a useful treatment option despite some visual decline.

Papageorgiou Eleni, Toumasis Panagiotis N, Lazari Katerina et al.

OCT is a vital non-invasive tool in pediatric ophthalmology, providing structural insights into ocular development and guiding diagnosis and management across diverse eye diseases, even in uncooperative children.

Rufai Sohaib R, Roche Dermot, Shenoy Riddhi et al.

This study found handheld and table-mounted OCT are feasible and comparable for monitoring optic nerves in children with craniosynostosis, enabling data pooling for enhanced care and research.

Abbas Johar, Haider Faseeh, Arooj Hajira et al.

This meta-analysis found 360-degree trabeculotomy offers superior IOP reduction, fewer medications, and higher success rates than traditional angle surgery for primary congenital glaucoma, improving patient outcomes.

von Arenstorff Mathilde Mussmann, Kessel Line, Rasmussen Marie Louise Roed et al.

Trabeculotomy effectively controlled steroid-induced pediatric glaucoma for 24 months without medication, even with continued steroid use. This safe procedure should be considered early when medical therapy fails.

Jiang Jinyun, Hu Yin, Zhu Yingting et al.

This study found RGPCLs significantly improved visual acuity and contrast sensitivity more than spectacles in children post-PCG surgery, suggesting RGPCLs are a superior rehabilitation option.

Yehezkeli Veronika, Greenbaum Eran, Belkin Avner et al.

The AssiAnchor device effectively stabilized subluxated lenses in pediatric Marfan syndrome, showing good long-term visual/refractive outcomes and IOL stability, offering a viable surgical option despite some complications like amblyopia.

Bikbov Mukharram M, Kazakbaeva Gyulli M, Panda-Jonas Songhomitra et al.

This study found maternal smoking and lower birth weight in Russian children correlate with thinner retinal nerve fiber layers, which also linked to worse cognitive scores, highlighting early life factors impacting ocular health and neurodevelopment.

Seresirikachorn Kasem, Thiamthat Warakorn, Bitrian Elena et al.

This study found over half of ARS patients develop glaucoma, with diagnosis at birth and cardiac anomalies as risk factors. Glaucoma drainage devices showed the best qualified surgical success.

Mao Jianbo, Deng Xinyi, Chen Yijing et al.

Intravitreal injections for ROP were found to enlarge the optic nerve cup-to-disc ratio in preterm infants, suggesting potential long-term optic nerve changes needing further evaluation.

Liu Cindy Yue-Ying, Lee Allister Sebastian, Chiang Mark Yu-Ming

This 10-year study found Baerveldt glaucoma drainage devices effectively control IOP long-term in Australian children, especially post-cataract surgery, offering a reliable option for refractory childhood glaucoma.

Saleem Zara, Wang Bo, Naithani Rizul et al.

This study found virtual reality visual fields (VRF) are comparable to standard tests for pediatric neuro-ophthalmic conditions, but more children successfully completed VRF, making it a valuable, more accessible clinical tool.

Li Liu, Li Yingjie, Hong Ling et al.

Ultrasound cycloplasty (UCP) significantly lowered eye pressure by 54% in patients with previous failed glaucoma surgery. This makes UCP a safe and effective salvage option for difficult-to-treat glaucoma.

Lloyd I Christopher, Wilson M Edward, Trivedi Rupal H et al.

This review highlights advances in pediatric cataract care, showing improved prognosis through better diagnosis, surgery, and amblyopia management, emphasizing optimized outcomes despite lifelong visual impairment risks.

Elwehidy Ahmed Samy, Elhofi AbdElhamid Shaker, Abdelkader Amr Mohammed Elsayed et al.

This study found two surgical techniques, GATT and AVCST, similarly and significantly lowered eye pressure in primary congenital glaucoma over two years, with comparable safety. Both are effective options for children.

Kaushik Sushmita, Singh Ashok Kumar, Thattaruthody Faisal et al.

SS-ASOCT reliably distinguished early childhood glaucoma from other conditions; non-visibility of the trabecular meshwork was a key indicator, offering a non-invasive diagnostic aid.

Hu Kun, Zhang Yu, Chen Wan et al.

This study found that secondary IOL implantation in children aged 2-6 years yields comparable vision, but glaucoma risk increases with older implantation age, guiding optimal timing for pediatric cataract management.

Fujita Asahi, Vu Daniel M, Rothman Adam L et al.

Childhood glaucoma surgery failed in nearly half of cases. Younger age, higher initial IOP, and concurrent uveitis predict failure, highlighting the need for early, aggressive management in these complex patients.

Elwehidy Ahmed S, Abd Elfattah Dina, Hashish Aya M et al.

Treated congenital glaucoma patients showed worse meibomian gland and tear film health, especially with glaucoma medications or surgery. This highlights the need to monitor ocular surface health in these children.