Tin Aung

A Schlemm Canal Microstent for Intraocular Pressure Reduction in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma and Cataract: The HORIZON Study.

This 24-month multicenter randomized controlled trial demonstrated superior reduction in MDIOP and medication use among subjects with mild-to-moderate POAG who received a Schlemm canal microstent combined with phacoemulsification compared with phacoemulsification alone.

A Deep Learning System for Automated Angle-Closure Detection in Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography Images.

The results demonstrate the potential of the deep learning system for angle-closure detection in AS-OCT images.

A Deep Learning Approach to Digitally Stain Optical Coherence Tomography Images of the Optic Nerve Head.

Our deep learning algorithm can simultaneously stain the neural and connective tissues of the ONH, offering a framework to automatically measure multiple key structural parameters of the ONH that may be critical to improve glaucoma…

The Global Extent of Undetected Glaucoma in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Undetected glaucoma increases the risk of vision impairment, which leads to detrimental effects on the quality-of-life and socioeconomic well-being of those affected.

Discriminant Function of Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography to Determine Disease Severity in Glaucoma.

Vascular parameters could be a useful adjunct tool to evaluate/diagnose glaucoma. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine their use in early detection and prognostication.

Inter-relationship between ocular perfusion pressure, blood pressure, intraocular pressure profiles and primary open-angle glaucoma: the Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Diseases study.

In this population-based sample of nearly 10 000 Asian individuals, we showed that low SOPP was associated with POAG.

Efficacy of Phacoemulsification Alone vs Phacoemulsification With Goniosynechialysis in Patients With Primary Angle-Closure Disease: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

This randomized clinical trial was unable to show that PEI-GSL added additional IOP lowering compared with PEI alone in patients with PACD.

Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness in a Multiethnic Normal Asian Population: The Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Diseases Study.

Average and regional RNFL thicknesses were significantly thinner in Indian eyes compared with Chinese and Malay eyes.

Ocular Biometric Risk Factors for Progression of Primary Angle Closure Disease: The Zhongshan Angle Closure Prevention Trial.

Ocular biometric measurements can help to risk-stratify patients with early angle closure for more severe disease.

Multimodal Machine Learning Using Visual Fields and Peripapillary Circular OCT Scans in Detection of Glaucomatous Optic Neuropathy.

FusionNet, developed using paired VF and OCT data, demonstrated superior performance to both VFNet and OCTNet in detecting GON, suggesting that multimodal machine learning models are valuable in detecting GON.

Pupillary Responses to Full-Field Chromatic Stimuli Are Reduced in Patients with Early-Stage Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma.

Patients with early-stage POAG exhibit reduced pupillary responses to moderate and high irradiances of blue and red lights.

The Singapore Asymptomatic Narrow Angles Laser Iridotomy Study: Five-Year Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial.

In patients with bilateral asymptomatic PACS, eyes that underwent prophylactic LPI reached significantly fewer end points compared with control eyes over 5 years. However, the overall incidence of PAC or PACG was low.

Association of Systemic Medication Use With Intraocular Pressure in a Multiethnic Asian Population: The Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Diseases Study.

Although systemic β-blocker use was associated with lower IOP and systemic ACEI, ARB, statin, and sulfonylurea use was associated with higher IOP in this study, the associations were modest at best.

Changes in Anterior Segment Morphology and Predictors of Angle Widening after Laser Iridotomy in South Indian Eyes.

In a South Indian population with PACS or PAC/PACG, LPI results in significant anterior chamber angle widening seen on both ASOCT and gonioscopy, although some degree of persistent iridotrabecular contact was present in approximately half…

Classification of Visual Field Abnormalities in Highly Myopic Eyes without Pathologic Change.

We propose a new and reproducible classification system of VF abnormalities for nonpathologic high myopia. Applying a comprehensive classification system will facilitate communication and comparison of findings among studies.

Anatomic Changes and Predictors of Angle Widening after Laser Peripheral Iridotomy: The Zhongshan Angle Closure Prevention Trial.

Superior LPI location results in significantly greater angle widening compared with temporal or nasal locations in a Chinese population with PACS. This supports consideration of superior LPI locations to optimize anatomic changes after LPI.

In Vivo Three-Dimensional Lamina Cribrosa Strains in Healthy, Ocular Hypertensive, and Glaucoma Eyes Following Acute Intraocular Pressure Elevation.

We demonstrate measurable LC strains in vivo in humans as a response to acute IOP elevation. In this population, our data suggest that OHT LCs experience lower IOP-induced strains than healthy LCs.

The genetic basis for adult onset glaucoma: Recent advances and future directions.

We will discuss how recent advances in research methodology have uncovered new risk genes, and how follow up biological investigations could be undertaken in order to define how the risk encoded by a genetic sequence variant comes into play in patients.

Beyond intraocular pressure: Optimizing patient-reported outcomes in glaucoma.

We provide a comprehensive, albeit non-systematic, critique of the psychometric properties, limitations, and recent advances of currently available glaucoma-specific PCOMs and PROMs.

DeshadowGAN: A Deep Learning Approach to Remove Shadows from Optical Coherence Tomography Images.

DeshadowGAN significantly corrected blood vessel shadows in OCT images of the ONH.

Lowering Intraocular Pressure: A Potential Approach for Controlling High Myopia Progression.

Further animal and clinical studies regarding high myopia with varied degree of IOP and the changes of choroid and sclera during IOP fluctuation in high myopia are needed to verify the role of IOP in the pathogenesis and progression of high myopia.

The Effect of Testing Reliability on Visual Field Sensitivity in Normal Eyes: The Singapore Chinese Eye Study.

We quantified the effect of unreliable responses on the MD and PSD in SAP.

Influence of Goniotomy Size on Treatment Safety and Efficacy for Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Multicenter Study.

120GT, 240GT, and 360GT with or without PEI showed similar efficacy in reducing IOP and medications used in POAG.

Medical Application of Geometric Deep Learning for the Diagnosis of Glaucoma.

We provide a proof of principle for the application of geometric deep learning in glaucoma.

Evaluation of Generative Adversarial Networks for High-Resolution Synthetic Image Generation of Circumpapillary Optical Coherence Tomography Images for Glaucoma.

DL networks trained with synthetic OCT images for glaucoma detection were comparable with networks trained with real images.

Association of Baseline Anterior Segment Parameters With the Development of Incident Gonioscopic Angle Closure.

These findings suggest that smaller AOD750 and larger LV measurements are associated with the development of incident gonioscopic angle closure after 4 years among participants with gonioscopically open angles at baseline.

Describing the Structural Phenotype of the Glaucomatous Optic Nerve Head Using Artificial Intelligence.

Our network was able to identify novel biomarkers of the ONH for glaucoma diagnosis. Specifically, the structural features identified by our algorithm were found to be related to clinical observations of glaucoma.

High-Density Lipoprotein 3 Cholesterol and Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: Metabolomics and Mendelian Randomization Analyses.

Overall, these results suggest that the relationship between HDL3 cholesterol and POAG might be causal and specific, and that dysregulation of cholesterol transport may play a role in the pathogenesis of POAG.

Profiles of Ganglion Cell-Inner Plexiform Layer Thickness in a Multi-Ethnic Asian Population: The Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Diseases Study.

GCIPL thickness profiles were significantly thinner in Indians compared with Chinese and Malays.

Diagnostic Ability of Individual Macular Layers by Spectral-Domain OCT in Different Stages of Glaucoma.

Single-layer mGCL thickness is comparable to the traditional cpRNFL thickness for the diagnosis of early/moderate glaucoma, whereas cpRNFL thickness remains the most efficient for advanced glaucoma.

Genetics of Exfoliation Syndrome.

At the same time, a lower than usual sibling relative risk for XFS compared with other inherited conditions suggests XFS to be a complex disorder.

Evaluation of the Anterior Segment Angle-to-Angle Scan of Cirrus High-Definition Optical Coherence Tomography and Comparison With Gonioscopy and With the Visante OCT.

The anterior segment angle-to-angle scans of Cirrus HD-OCT demonstrated similar diagnostic performance as Visante in detecting gonioscopic closed angles. The agreement between Cirrus and gonioscopy for detecting eyes with closed angles was moderate.

Effect of acute intraocular pressure elevation on the minimum rim width in normal, ocular hypertensive and glaucoma eyes.

Acute IOP elevation leads to compression of the nerve fibre layers of neuroretinal rim in glaucoma subjects only without changing ONH size.

Visual Field Progression in Patients with Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma Using Pointwise Linear Regression Analysis.

In patients with PACG being managed in a hospital setting, VF progression was noted in 15.8%, and the overall rate of VF loss was -0.12±0.51 dB/year.

Disrupted Eye Movements in Preperimetric Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma.

Here, we show that patients with POAG without detectable glaucomatous visual field loss exhibit altered saccadic eye movements.

Challenges and Lessons for Managing Glaucoma during COVID-19 Pandemic: Perspectives from Asia.

Six-Year Incidence and Risk Factors for Primary Angle-Closure Disease: The Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Diseases Study.

Our study showed that the 6-year incidence of PACD was 3.50%.

Digital Gonioscopy Based on Three-dimensional Anterior-Segment OCT: An International Multicenter Study.

The 3D DGS is effective in detecting eyes with suspected PACG. It has the potential to be used widely in the primary eye care community for screening of subjects at high risk of developing PACG.

In Vivo Measurements of Prelamina and Lamina Cribrosa Biomechanical Properties in Humans.

We have developed a methodology to assess the biomechanical properties of human ONH tissues in vivo and provide preliminary comparisons in healthy and OHT subjects. Our proposed methodology may be of interest for glaucoma management.

Anterior Choroidal Thickness Increased in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma and Primary Angle-Closure Disease Eyes Evidenced by Ultrasound Biomicroscopy and SS-OCT.

POAG/PACD eyes had a thicker anterior choroid than the controls.

Role of anterior segment optical coherence tomography in angle-closure disease: a review.

AS-OCT quantitative and qualitative parameters demonstrated strong association with the presence of gonioscopically closed angles.

Residual Angle Closure One Year After Laser Peripheral Iridotomy in Primary Angle Closure Suspects.

One year after LPI, >80% of PACS had gonioscopic residual angle closure. Greater baseline iris volume and higher IOP at baseline are independent risk factors for residual gonioscopic angle closure.

Changes in Iris Stiffness and Permeability in Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma.

This study suggests that the biomechanical properties of the iris in PACG are different from those in healthy controls.

Assessment of Circumferential Angle Closure with Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography: a Community Based Study.

In this large community-based study, SS-OCT exhibited moderate performance for angle closure detection compared to gonioscopy as the reference standard.

Evaluation of Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma Susceptibility Loci in Patients with Early Stages of Angle-Closure Disease.

In this study, 2 of 8 PACG-associated loci were associated significantly with PACS status, the earliest stage in the angle-closure glaucoma disease course.

Social, health and ocular factors associated with primary open-angle glaucoma amongst Chinese Singaporeans.

Older age, family history of glaucoma, higher intraocular pressure, thinner central corneal thickness and myopia were significantly associated with primary open-angle glaucoma amongst Chinese Singaporeans.

Young's Modulus Determination of Normal and Glaucomatous Human Iris.

Variations in biomechanical properties of iris tissue may have a significant role in the pathogenesis of angle closure glaucoma.

Association of Functional Loss With the Biomechanical Response of the Optic Nerve Head to Acute Transient Intraocular Pressure Elevations.

The biomechanical response of the ONH to acute IOP elevations was associated with established visual field loss in POAG eyes, but not in primary angle-closure glaucoma eyes.

Geometric Deep Learning to Identify the Critical 3D Structural Features of the Optic Nerve Head for Glaucoma Diagnosis.

The diagnostic accuracy of both geometric deep learning approaches was excellent.

Evaluation of Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma Susceptibility Loci for Estimating Angle Closure Disease Severity.

Our results show that EPDR1 is associated significantly with severe PACG, suggesting that it may predispose patients to more aggressive disease development.

The Effect of Medical Lowering of Intraocular Pressure on Peripapillary and Macular Blood Flow as Measured by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Treatment-naive Eyes.

The reduction of IOP by a PGA in treatment-naive eyes was significantly correlated to the increase in ONH VD and RPC VD.

Optic Nerve Tortuosity and Globe Proptosis in Normal and Glaucoma Subjects.

In this sample, subjects with glaucoma exhibited tauter optic nerves and more protruding eye globes compared with normal eyes. This may impact optic nerve head deformations in anatomically predisposed patients.

Plateau Iris Distribution Across Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography Defined Subgroups of Subjects With Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma.

The proportion of plateau iris was similar across the three ASOCT-based PACG subgroups and more than one-third of subjects with PACG were diagnosed with plateau iris based on standardized UBM criteria.

Biometric Risk Factors for Angle Closure Progression After Laser Peripheral Iridotomy.

Study results suggest that persistent angle narrowing detected by AS-OCT or cumulative gonioscopy score was predictive of disease progression in PACS eyes after LPI.

Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness and Rim Area Profiles in Asians: Pooled Analysis from the Asian Eye Epidemiology Consortium.

In this large pooled analysis of Asian population studies, Indian and Japanese eyes were observed to have thinner RNFL profiles. These findings suggest the need for an ethnic-specific normative database to improve glaucoma detection.

Asian-specific vertical cup-to-disc ratio cut-off for glaucoma screening: An evidence-based recommendation from a multi-ethnic Asian population.

Overall, VCDR ≥0.60 with VCDR ≥0.20 asymmetry provides a good balance between sensitivity and specificity in detecting glaucoma.

Combining OCT and OCTA for Focal Structure-Function Modeling in Early Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma.

Modeling of focal VF losses showed improvements when structural thickness and vascular parameters were included in tandem. Evaluation of VF defects in early glaucoma may benefit from considering both RNFL and OCTA characteristics.

Focal Structure-Function Relationships in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Using OCT and OCT-A Measurements.

Focal capillary densities were significantly associated with a wider range of visual field losses and in a larger proportion of the visual field compared to nerve fiber thickness.

Characteristics of the Corneal Endothelium Across the Primary Angle Closure Disease Spectrum.

The corneal ECD and morphological characteristics such as CV and hexagonality are not significantly different across the PAC disease spectrum.

How Myopia and Glaucoma Influence the Biomechanical Susceptibility of the Optic Nerve Head.

Our study revealed that eyes with HMG experienced significantly greater strains under IOP compared to eyes with HM. Furthermore, eyes with PM + S had the highest strains on the ONH of all groups.

Ocular surface status in glaucoma and ocular hypertension patients with existing corneal disorders switched from latanoprost 0.005% to tafluprost 0.0015%: comparison of two prostaglandin analogues with different concentrations of benzalkonium chloride.

The clinical signs of ocular surface disease and subjective symptoms of dry eyes improved following the switch to low preservative tafluprost and demonstrated comparable IOP lowering effectiveness.

The three-dimensional structural configuration of the central retinal vessel trunk and branches as a glaucoma biomarker.

Our work demonstrated that the diagnostic power of the CRVT&B is superior to that of a gold-standard glaucoma parameter, that is, RNFL thickness.

Plateau Iris and Severity of Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma.

The higher proportion of plateau iris configuration in eyes with severe PACG compared with early-to-moderate PACG suggest that this may be a contributory factor for disease severity.

Integration of Genetic and Biometric Risk Factors for Detection of Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma.

Although significant on their own, the incorporation of genetic data in the context of anterior segment imaging parameters like ACD provided only a marginal improvement of PACG detection.

Comparison of Corneal Biomechanical Properties between Indian and Chinese Adults.

Chinese have lower CH than Indian persons, and this disparity may reflect biomechanical differences of the cornea.

Evaluation of the Diagnostic Performance of Swept-Source Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography in Primary Angle Closure Disease.

SS-OCT of the anterior segment showed excellent diagnostic performance distinguishing PACD from normal eyes and moderate diagnostic ability distinguishing eyes with PAC/PACG from eyes with PACS.

Changes in Intraocular Pressure and Angle Structure after Dilation in Primary Angle-Closure Suspects with Visually Significant Cataract.

Dilation of patients' eyes with PACS and VSC in this cohort appears to have a low risk for IOP spike.

Two-year outcome of phacogoniotomy for advanced primary angle-closure glaucoma with cataracts: a multicentre study.

PEI+GSL+GT is shown to be effective and safe in treating advanced PACG with cataract over a 2-year follow-up period. The combined surgery may be considered as an alternative for patients with advanced PACG.

Assessment of Iris Trabecular Contact in Eyes with Gonioscopic Angle-Closure.

A greater extent of ITC measured by AS-OCT, not angle-closure determined by gonioscopy, was associated with a greater odds of PAC/PACG in eyes with gonioscopic angle-closure.

Multivariate Normative Comparison, a Novel Method for Improved Use of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness to Detect Early Glaucoma.

The multivariate normative database of RNFL showed better glaucoma discrimination capability than conventional age-matched comparisons, suggesting that accounting for demographic and anatomic variance in RNFL thickness may have usefulness in improving glaucoma detection.

Long-term outcomes after acute primary angle closure of Caucasian chronic angle closure glaucoma patients.

Our study prompts ophthalmologists to closely follow patients after an APAC attack to prevent potential glaucoma damage in both APAC and fellow eye.

Comparing the Safety and Efficacy of Phacogoniosynechialysis With Phacotrabeculectomy in the Management of Refractory Acute Primary Closure Angle Glaucoma With Cataract: A Multicenter Randomized Trial.

Phaco-GSL and phacotrabeculectomy were both effective in treating medically unresponsive cases of acute PACG with cataracts. However, phaco-GSL showed better visual outcomes, wider drainage angles postsurgery, and fewer complications than phacotrabeculectomy.

Association of iris surface features with iris parameters assessed by swept-source optical coherence tomography in Asian eyes.

Iris surface features were highly correlated with iris volume and curvature.

Two-Year Outcomes of Phacogoniotomy vs Phacotrabeculectomy for Advanced Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma With Cataract: A Noninferiority Randomized Clinical Trial.

Mean IOP reduction with phacogoniotomy was noninferior to phacotrabeculectomy for advanced PACG and cataract at 2-year follow-up with no differences detected in complete or qualified success or mean number of antiglaucomatous medications.

Six-Year Incidence and Risk Factors for Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma and Ocular Hypertension: The Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Diseases Study.

Six-year incidence of POAG was 1.31% in a multiethnic Asian population.

High Myopia Normative Database of Peripapillary Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness to Detect Myopic Glaucoma in a Chinese Population.

The HM-specific normative database is more capable of detecting HMG eyes than the SS OCT built-in database, which may be an effective tool for differential diagnosis between HMG and HM.

Energy Dose-Response in Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty: A Review.

The optimal energy level of SLT needed for IOP reduction has not yet been definitively established, with all reported pulse energies resulting in similar IOP reduction.

Association of the CYP39A1 G204E Genetic Variant with Increased Risk of Glaucoma and Blindness in Patients with Exfoliation Syndrome.

Patients with XFS carrying the CYP39A1 G204E mutation had significantly increased risk of blindness, higher occurrence of XFG, and more severe glaucoma compared with patients with XFS without any CYP39A1 mutation.

Effect of Changing Heart Rate on the Ocular Pulse and Dynamic Biomechanical Behavior of the Optic Nerve Head.

In our model, the OPA, pulse volume, and ONH deformations decreased with an increasing heart rate, whereas the LC became stiffer.

Noninvasive and Noncontact Sequential Imaging of the Iridocorneal Angle and the Cornea of the Eye.

A high-resolution imaging platform for noncontact sequential imaging of the TM and the cornea of the eye is developed.

Ultrasound Biomicroscopic Diagnosis of Angle-closure Mechanisms in Vietnamese Subjects With Unilateral Angle-closure Glaucoma.

On the basis of the UBM criteria, PI was found in 13.4% of PACS fellow eyes of Vietnamese subjects with PACG.

Assessment of angle closure disease in the age of artificial intelligence: A review.

However, more work is required to expand the capabilities of these AI algorithms and for deployment into real-world practice settings.

Development and Validation of a Preference-Based Glaucoma Utility Instrument Using Discrete Choice Experiment.

Use of Glau-U revealed large decrements in utility that were associated with late-stage glaucoma, suggesting that this new instrument may be useful for cost-effectiveness analyses of interventions and informing resource allocation policies for glaucoma and…

Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography: Is There a Clinical Role in the Management of Primary Angle Closure Disease?

Advances in anterior segment optical coherence tomography technology have further enhanced our understanding of the risk factors and mechanisms involved in the disease process.

Intraocular pressure change after phacoemulsification in angle-closure eyes without medical therapy.

The mean IOP reduction 6 months after phacoemulsification was 20%. Less IOP reduction was observed in the presence of lower preoperative IOP and more extensive PAS.

Efficacy and Safety of Surgical Peripheral Iridectomy, Goniosynechialysis, and Goniotomy for Advanced Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma Without Cataract: 1-Year Results of a Multicenter Study.

The combination of SPI, GSL, and GT is a safe and effective surgical approach for advanced PACG without cataract. It has great potential as a first-line treatment option for these patients.

Deep Learning Classification of Angle Closure based on Anterior Segment OCT.

Convolutional neural network classifiers can effectively distinguish PACD from controls on AS-OCT with good generalizability across different patient cohorts. However, their performance is moderate when trying to distinguish PACS versus PAC + PACG.

Three-Dimensional Structural Phenotype of the Optic Nerve Head as a Function of Glaucoma Severity.

This study uncovered complex 3-D structural differences of the ONH in both neural and connective tissues as a function of glaucoma severity.

Acute Angle-Closure Attacks Are Uncommon in Primary Angle-Closure Suspects after Pharmacologic Mydriasis: The Zhongshan Angle-Closure Prevention Trial.

The risk of incident AAC attacks in PACSs was extremely low, even in a higher-risk group that underwent repeated pharmacologic pupillary dilation over 6 years of follow-up.

Cigarette Smoking on Severity of Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma in Malay Patients.

There was no significant association between cigarette smoking and severity of PACG.

Association of iris crypts with acute primary angle closure.

Our study comprising Asian eyes with angle closure suggests that the presence of a higher crypt grading may be protective for APAC.

A Digital Staining Algorithm for Optical Coherence Tomography Images of the Optic Nerve Head.

We have described an algorithm that can digitally stain connective and neural tissues in OCT images of the ONH.

Impact of Peripheral Anterior Synechiae on the Outcome of Combined Phacoemulsification, Goniosynechialysis, and Goniotomy for Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma and Cataract: A Multicenter Observational Study.

PEI+GSL+GT has proven to be an effective treatment for PACG with cataracts over a 1 year period. However, the outcome was not correlated with the preoperative extent of PAS.

Differing Associations between Optic Nerve Head Strains and Visual Field Loss in Patients with Normal- and High-Tension Glaucoma.

We found significant negative associations between IOP-induced ONH strains and retinal sensitivity in a relatively large glaucoma cohort.

Altered Iris Aquaporin Expression and Aqueous Humor Osmolality in Glaucoma.

PACG and POAG eyes featured significant increase in AQP1 and AQP2 expression in the iris and reduced aqueous osmolality compared to nonglaucoma eyes.

Six-Year Incidence and Risk Factors of Primary Glaucoma in the Singapore Indian Eye Study.

Our study showed that the overall age-standardized incidence of primary glaucoma was 1.68% in an Indian population in Singapore.

Association of Glaucoma Risk Genes with Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer in a Multi-ethnic Asian Population: The Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Diseases Study.

Of the 35 glaucoma identified risk loci, only SIX6 is significantly and independently associated with thinner RNFL. Our study further supports the involvement of SIX6 with RNFL thickness and pathogensis of glaucoma.

Longitudinal Changes in Bleb Height, Vascularity, and Conjunctival Microcysts After Trabeculectomy.

Microcysts seen early posttrabeculectomy is associated with lower IOP. Blebs reduce in height as they remodel and the relationship between bleb vascularity and IOP is complex.

Biomechanics-Function in Glaucoma: Improved Visual Field Predictions from IOP-Induced Neural Strains.

Our study has shown that the integration of biomechanical data can significantly improve the accuracy of visual field loss predictions and highlights the importance of the biomechanics-function relationship in glaucoma.

Iris Morphological and Biomechanical Factors Influencing Angle Closure During Pupil Dilation.

The morphology of the iris (IT and IC) and its innate biomechanical behavior (E and v) were crucial in influencing the way the iris deformed during dilation, and angle closure was further exacerbated by decreased…

Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Damage Assessment in Glaucomatous Eyes Using Retinal Retardance Measured by Polarization-Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography.

We demonstrated that PS-OCT has the potential to evaluate the status of RNFL structural damage in eyes with severe glaucoma, which is currently challenging in clinics.

Comparison of intraocular pressure and anterior segment parameters in subjects with asymmetrical primary angle closure disease.

PACG eyes have higher presenting IOP, smaller anterior segment parameters, greater extent of PAS, and larger LV compared to their fellow eyes with angle closure.

Oral Ibuprofen is Associated With Reduced Likelihood of Early Bleb Failure After Trabeculectomy in High-Risk Glaucoma Patients.

Early adjunctive oral ibuprofen administered to individuals at high risk of posttrabeculectomy scarring is associated with greater IOP reductions and reduced likelihood of bleb failure.

Circumferential Assessment of Changes in Anterior Segment Characteristics and Baseline Predictors of Angle Widening After Laser Iridotomy in Caucasian Eyes.

LPI widened the iridocorneal angle and flattened the iris circumferentially in Caucasian eyes in this study. Baseline refractive error, lens vault, and iris volume play a significant role in the circumferential angle widening by LPI.

Investigating the neuroprotective effect of Copolymer-1 in acute primary angle closure - Interim report of a randomized placebo-controlled double-masked clinical trial.

After APAC, there was no difference in VF progression (or RNFL thickness change) between Cop-1 and placebo groups. However, there was improvement of MD in Cop-1 treated patients.

Shared Cared for Stable Glaucoma Patients: Economic Benefits and Patient-centered Outcomes of a Feasibility Trial.

Managing stable glaucoma patients at a primary care setting is a cost saving, safe, and effective shared care while enhancing professional collaboration between hospital and community settings.

Short-Term Ocular Biometric Changes as Predictors of Long-Term Angle Closure Progression.

Short-term (18-month) changes in LV and TISA750 were associated with long-term (36-72 month) angle closure progression in untreated PACS eyes, suggesting that monitoring changes in lens size or position and angle width could augment predictive…

Physiological change in ganglion cell inner plexiform layer and nerve fibre layer thickness over six years.

Our population cohort provides data on physiological thinning of GCIPL and RNFL with age. Differentiating physiological changes in GCIPL and RNFL is important for more accurate clinical assessment.

Role of Static and Dynamic Ocular Biometrics Measured in the Dark and Light as Risk Factors for Angle Closure Progression.

Static parameters measured in the light are as predictive, and possibly more so, of angle closure progression as those measured in the dark.

Changes in Anterior Segment Parameters After Laser Peripheral Iridotomy in Caucasian Eyes With Different Primary Angle Closure Mechanisms.

In patients with angle closure, anterior segment morphology and LPI-induced angle widening were different among the various angle closure mechanisms.

Population-Based Utility of van Herick Grading for Angle-Closure Detection.

Effect of Pharmacological Pupil Dilatation on Angle Configuration in Untreated Primary Angle Closure Suspects: A Swept Source Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography Study.

Pharmacological pupil dilatation worsened angle closure in 50.0% of subjects with narrow angles. Shallower anterior chamber and bigger lens vault were associated with greater angle narrowing in these subjects.

Performance of Polygenic Risk Scores for Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma in Populations of African Descent.

In this cross-sectional study, despite some improvements in OR-based risk stratification using the Gharahkhani PRSs, Han PRSs, and Craig PRSs, consistently lower improvements in AUROC and R2 for African-ancestry compared with European-ancestry groups highlight the…

Efficiency, Precision, Validity, and Reliability of GlauCAT-Asian Computerized Adaptive Tests in Measuring Glaucoma-Related Quality of Life.

GlauCAT-Asian provides efficient, precise, accurate, valid, and reliable measurement of the patient-centered impact of glaucoma.

Mechanisms underlying acute angle closure.

Peripheral Iridectomy With Goniosynechialysis and Goniotomy vs Trabeculectomy for Advanced PACG: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

In this randomized clinical trial among patients with advanced PACG without cataract, SPI + GSL + GT demonstrated noninferiority (4-mm Hg margin) to trabeculectomy for IOP at 12 months, with fewer interventions (including bleb massage, suture lysis, or releasable sutures) but no difference in postoperative medication use.

Investigation of the variability of anterior chamber scan protocol with Cirrus high definition optical coherence tomography.

Anterior chamber scan had low inter-observer and intra-observer variability in quantitative evaluation that was not affected by the angle status or the experience of an operator.

3D Structural Phenotype of the Optic Nerve Head in Glaucoma and Myopia-A Key to Improving Glaucoma Diagnosis in Myopic Populations.

This study demonstrated that ONHs exhibit distinct structural signatures across H, HM, G, and HMG conditions.

Characteristics of Eyes With Asymptomatic Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma With Varying Severity of Visual Field Loss at Presentation.

Similar age at presentation of severe PACG and those with less severe disease suggests that the severe group either developed PACG at an earlier age or underwent rapid disease progression.

Deep learning-based normative database of anterior chamber dimensions for angle closure assessment: the Singapore Chinese Eye Study.

Anterior chamber parameters varied with age and gender. The ACD 20th and LV 85th percentile values may be used in silos or in combination to detect PACD in the absence of more sophisticated classification algorithms.

Two Decades of Angle-Closure Glaucoma Research.

These offer clinicians a range of potent tools to deliver improved outcomes for their patients with and persons at risk for PACD.

The Structural Layers of the Porcine Iris Exhibit Inherently Different Biomechanical Properties.

We have established a new protocol to evaluate the biomechanical properties of the structural layers of the iris.

Ophthalmologist and Optometrist Co-management Model for Glaucoma: Outcomes from a Single Tertiary Care Health Center.

With appropriate training, a well-defined and closely monitored co-management model can maintain patient safety and glaucoma stability over five years with improved resource allocation and reduced utilization of glaucoma specialists.

Surgical management of aqueous misdirection by endoscopic vitrectomy with Hyaloido-Zonulo-Iridectomy.

Surgical management using lens removal, endoscopic anterior vitrectomy, and hyaloido-zonulo-iridectomy is a significantly effective and safe treatment for AM.

AI to Identify Strain-Sensitive Regions of the Optic Nerve Head Linked to Functional Loss in Glaucoma.

ONH strain enhances classification of glaucomatous VF loss patterns. The neuroretinal rim, rather than the LC, was most critical, suggesting rim strain may play a dominant role in axonal injury and functional loss.

Glaucoma: Are We Getting the Wrong Answers, or Asking the Wrong Questions?

Three-Dimensional Morphometric Analysis of Exfoliative Material Using Ultrahigh-Resolution OCT in Exfoliation Syndrome.

UHR-OCT clearly visualizes the heterogeneous appearance of exfoliative material in XFS, enables quantitative analysis, and can potentially be used to monitor its deposition over time.

Relationship Between Central Corneal Thickness and Inter-Eye Disease Severity in Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma.

In asymmetrical PACG, worse eyes have thinner CCT and higher presenting IOP. Difference in CCT could either be inherent or acquired, and more tests would be needed to tease that out.

Subtypes of primary angle closure disease based on age-independent anterior segment optical coherence tomography parameters.

We identified 3 subgroups of angle closure eyes, each characterised by distinct structural components based on ASOCT.

Comparing IOP-Induced Scleral Deformations in the Myopic and Myopic Glaucoma Spectrums.

Our findings indicate that the macula in HMG, PM, and PM+S eyes showed greater curvature changes under IOP elevation compared to HM and emmetropic eyes.

Long-term Persistent Angle Closure and Anatomic Changes after Laser Iridotomy in Suspected Primary Angle-Closure.

Laser iridotomy sustained angle widening in two-thirds of patients. However, a thicker iris at baseline in narrower angles predicted persistent closure, highlighting the need for tailored management in these cases.

Novel hyperparallel optical coherence tomography for angle closure assessment: comparison with swept-source OCT and gonioscopy.

HP-OCT showed excellent reproducibility for angle closure assessment and good agreement with SS-OCT and gonioscopy.

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Assessment of Optic Nerve Head and Macula Across the Primary Angle Closure Disease Spectrum.

Significant reduction in the microvasculature of the optic disc and macula in PACG suggests that glaucoma development may contribute to lower VD in these regions.

Enhancing the structure-function relationship in glaucoma using anatomical compensation of retinal nerve fibre layer.

Compensated RNFL data improve the correlation between RNFL measurements and VF parameters. This indicates that creating structure-to-function maps that consider anatomical variances may aid in identifying localised structural and functional loss in glaucoma.

Diagnostic criteria of anterior segment swept-source optical coherence tomography to detect gonioscopic angle closure.

Applying the normative percentiles of angle measurements yielded a higher diagnostic performance than ITC for detecting angle closure on gonioscopy.

Evaluating the outcome of screening for glaucoma using colour fundus photography-based referral criteria in a teleophthalmology screening programme for diabetic retinopathy.

Opportunistic screening for glaucoma in a lower VCDR group could result in a high number of unnecessary referrals.

Investigating the determinants of iridolenticular contact area: a novel parameter for angle closure.

ILCA is a significant predictor of angle closure independent of other biometric factors and may reflect unique anatomical information associated with pupillary block. ILCA represents a novel biometric risk factor in eyes with angle closure.

Handheld chromatic pupillometry can reliably detect functional glaucomatous damage in eyes with high myopia.

PLRs to ramping-up light stimuli are unaltered in highly myopic eyes without other diagnosed ocular conditions.

Biometric Factors Associated With Acute Primary Angle Closure: Comparison of the Affected and Fellow Eye.

Eyes with previous APAC had smaller anterior segment dimensions when compared with their fellow eyes. Iris thickness was the strongest predictor of angle width in both affected and fellow eyes.

Pattern of Visual Field Loss in Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma Across Different Severity Levels.

In this group of clinic-based PACG patients, the superior hemifield was found to be affected more severely than the inferior hemifield, and the differences between them increased with worsening disease severity.

Shape Changes of the Anterior Lamina Cribrosa in Normal, Ocular Hypertensive, and Glaucomatous Eyes Following Acute Intraocular Pressure Elevation.

Acute IOP elevations altered anterior LC shape in a complex nonlinear fashion. The LC of POAG eyes was more cupped following acute IOP elevations compared to that of normal subjects.

Inter-Relationships Between Retinal Vascular Caliber, Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness, and Glaucoma: A Mediation Analysis Approach.

Mediation analyses indicated that the effect of retinal vascular narrowing on glaucoma was partially the result of thinning of RNFL. These findings provide additional mechanistic insights linking retinal vascular narrowing and glaucoma.

In Vivo 3-Dimensional Strain Mapping of the Optic Nerve Head Following Intraocular Pressure Lowering by Trabeculectomy.

We demonstrate that ONH displacements and strains can be measured in vivo and that TE can relieve ONH strains.

CYP1B1 and MYOC Mutations in Vietnamese Primary Congenital Glaucoma Patients.

Five out of 30 families with PCG (16.7%) had disease attributable to CYP1B1 alterations suggesting that CYP1B1 is not the major gene causing PCG in Vietnamese unlike in the case of Arab or Romany patients.

Finite Element Analysis Predicts Large Optic Nerve Head Strains During Horizontal Eye Movements.

Our models predicted high ONH strains during eye movements, which were aggravated with stiffer optic nerve sheaths.

Determinants of pupil diameters and pupil dynamics in an adult Chinese population.

Among normal eyes in an adult Chinese population, SPC was associated with larger baseline PD.

Persistence of Glaucoma Therapy and Visual Field Progression.

There were small but appreciable differences in VF progression rates between persistent and nonpersistent patient eyes on glaucoma drops, but differences were not significant.

Changes in Japanese eyes after laser peripheral iridotomy: an anterior segment optical coherence tomography study.

An increase in anterior chamber dimensions, angle widening and iris flattening; with a constant LV, iris thickness and iris area after LPI was demonstrated in Japanese eyes with angle closure.

Erratum. Lack of Association Between Corneal Hysteresis and Corneal Resistance Factor With Glaucoma Severity in Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma.

The Impact of Lens Vault on Visual Acuity and Refractive Error: Implications for Management of Primary Angle-closure Glaucoma.

The magnitude of LV was not associated with VA or spherical equivalent. Lens extraction may be a consideration in eyes with angle closure with large LV in the absence of visually significant cataract.

Argon Laser Peripheral Iridoplasty for Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

After 1 year, ALPI was associated with higher failure rates and lower IOP reduction compared with PGA therapy in eyes with persistent appositional angle closure and raised IOP after LI.

Anterior Chamber Angle and Intraocular Pressure Changes After Phacoemulsification: A Comparison Between Eyes With Closed-angle and Open-angle Glaucoma.

Angle opening postphacoemulsification was considerable in all eyes. A similar IOP reduction after phacoemulsification was observed in all eyes regardless of angle status.

Cup-to-Disc Ratio From Heidelberg Retina Tomograph 3 and High-Definition Optical Coherence Tomography Agrees Poorly With Clinical Assessment.

In general, there is poor correlation and a lack of agreement of VCDR measured using HRT-3, HD-OCT, and clinical grading.

Structural Differences in the Optic Nerve Head of Glaucoma Patients With and Without Disc Hemorrhages.

Eyes with DH consistently displayed both structural features of more advanced glaucoma confirmed simultaneously on planimetry and SD-OCT, with concurrent VF deterioration.

Relationship Between Peripapillary Choroid and Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness in a Population-Based Sample of Nonglaucomatous Eyes.

Thinner peripapillary choroid was independently associated with thinner RNFL globally and in the inferior and superior regions. This structure-structure relationship may need further exploration in glaucomatous eyes prior to its application in clinical settings.

Glaucoma in Asia: regional prevalence variations and future projections.

Across the Asian subregions, there was greater glaucoma burden in South-Central and East Asia. Sustainable public health strategies to combat glaucoma in Asia are needed.

A Genetic Variant in TGFBR3-CDC7 Is Associated with Visual Field Progression in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Patients from Singapore.

The presence of the index SNP rs1192415 (TGFBR3-CDC7) was associated with VF progression in POAG patients. These findings warrant further investigation in independent cohorts.

Anterior Segment Imaging Predicts Incident Gonioscopic Angle Closure.

Anterior segment OCT imaging at baseline predicts incident gonioscopic angle closure after 4 years among subjects who have gonioscopically open angles and iridotrabecular contact on AS OCT at baseline.

Flavonoids and glaucoma: revisiting therapies from the past.

Lack of Association Between Corneal Hysteresis and Corneal Resistance Factor With Glaucoma Severity in Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma.

Corneal biomechanical parameters measured by the ORA are not associated with severity of glaucoma in PACG.

Pupillary Responses to High-Irradiance Blue Light Correlate with Glaucoma Severity.

In glaucomatous eyes, reduced pupillary responses to high-irradiance blue light were associated with greater visual field loss and optic disc cupping.

Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Visual Features of Undiagnosed Glaucoma: The Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Diseases Study.

The prevalence of undiagnosed primary glaucoma varied among ethnic populations in whom a mean (SD) of 49.0% (14.0%) (n = 24) of affected individuals 50 to 59 years old already had clinically significant visual field loss.

The Prevalence and Types of Glaucoma in an Urban Chinese Population: The Singapore Chinese Eye Study.

The prevalence of glaucoma among Singapore Chinese likely ranges from 2.7% to 3.9%, with secondary glaucoma being the most visually debilitating type.

Analysis of Association Between the Insertion Location of Iris Root and Narrow Angle.

A smaller distance from iris root to scleral spur was associated with the presence of narrow angle.

Swept-source optical coherence tomography assessment of iris-trabecular contact after phacoemulsification with or without goniosynechialysis in eyes with primary angle closure glaucoma.

Eyes that undergo PE+GSL surgery have a greater reduction in circumferential ITC area than eyes that undergo PE alone.

A Global Shape Index to Characterize Anterior Lamina Cribrosa Morphology and Its Determinants in Healthy Indian Eyes.

The LC-GSI is a single index that quantifies overall LC shape in an intuitive way.

Aggregate Effects of Intraocular Pressure and Cup-to-Disc Ratio Genetic Variants on Glaucoma in a Multiethnic Asian Population.

Higher IOP-, VCDR-specific GRSs were associated with greater risk of glaucoma.

Retinal vascular caliber between eyes with asymmetric glaucoma.

In glaucoma with asymmetric severity between fellow eyes, retinal vascular caliber is less in the eye with more severe disease.

Angle-closure glaucoma in Asians: comparison of biometric and anterior segment parameters between Japanese and Chinese subjects.

Compared to Chinese, Japanese angle-closure eyes have smaller and more crowded anterior segment with thicker lenses.

Evaluation of Choroidal Thickness, Intraocular Pressure, and Serum Osmolality After the Water Drinking Test in Eyes With Primary Angle Closure.

The increase in IOP after WDT was higher in PACG eyes compared to FE-APAC; however, the latter had lower serum osmolality at baseline.

Glaucoma and associated visual acuity and field loss significantly affect glaucoma-specific psychosocial functioning.

The mean age of participants was 66.2±11.0 years, and 63% were male.

Efficacy of selective laser trabeculoplasty in primary angle-closure glaucoma: a randomized clinical trial.

Eyes with PAC or PACG respond to SLT in the short term, but the overall long-term therapeutic effectiveness needs further evaluation.

Lamina cribrosa visibility using optical coherence tomography: comparison of devices and effects of image enhancement techniques.

Adaptive compensation is superior to EDI in improving LC visibility. Visibility of the posterior LC remains poor suggesting impracticality in using LC thickness as a glaucoma biomarker.